Heavy loads. Heavy cargo: types, standards, loading

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Oversized cargo

(English: Oversize load) is a load whose dimensions exceed the dimensions allowed for transportation and the norms established by traffic rules.
In other words, an oversize load is a load that cannot fit into a standard vehicle. Maximum permissible dimensions, weight and axle loads for vehicles in the Russian Federation, permitted to travel on roads without special permission.
In the professional sphere, among logisticians and transport companies, the definitions of “oversized cargo”, “oversized cargo” or simply “oversized” are used for such cargo.

Separately, it is worth mentioning the concept of “ heavy cargo”

" This is a load that exceeds the maximum permissible weight and (or) the maximum possible loads on the axles of the vehicle carrying it.

Heavy cargo can also be oversized.

In a broad sense, the definition of oversized (and/or heavy) cargo includes a whole set of requirements for rolling stock, capacity (road surface condition) and limitations of transport networks, as well as cargo safety, since the possibilities of transporting such oversized cargo may be limited by the size and load-carrying capacity of bridges , the size of the tunnels, the presence of railway crossings, electrical and communication lines, and even weather conditions and the season of the year.

Content

1. History
2 Regulatory documents for the transportation of oversized cargo by road
3 Road transportation of bulk or liquid cargo
4 Road transportation of heavy cargo
5 Special permit for oversized cargo 5.1 Registration procedure
5.2 Types of special permits 5.2.1 International special permits
5.2.2 Interregional special permits

5.3 Cash costs for obtaining special permits

6 Transportation of oversized cargo by sea

7 “Oversized cargo” sign

8 Requirements for the driver when transporting oversized cargo

9 Organization of road transportation of oversized cargo

10 Examples of oversized cargo

11 See also

12 Notes

13 Links

Special permit for oversized cargo

Sample of an international permit for the transportation of large and/or heavy cargo by road

Registration procedure

Sample of an interregional permit for the transportation of large and/or heavy cargo by road
The regulations for issuing special permits for oversized cargo are determined by the document entitled “Procedure for issuing a special permit for the movement of a vehicle transporting heavy and (or) large cargo on roads” (approved by Order of the Ministry Transport of the Russian Federation (Ministry of Transport of Russia) dated July 24, 2012 N 258 Moscow).

Types of special permits

There are two types of special permission:

for international transportation;
for interregional transportation.

International special permits

If the route of the road train includes a border crossing across the border of the Russian Federation and goes to another state, an international special permit is required.

Without it, the road train will not be allowed through by border guards. A distinctive feature of an international special permit is that it is a one-time permit and can be issued for only one flight. Another important feature of this permit is that road trains traveling with such a permit are not subject to spring restrictions established by Rosavtodor for drying roads after the winter period.

International special permits are issued only in one place: FKU Rosdormonitoring, Moscow. You can apply for a permit in person or through the “Go back with cargo” portal). Interregional permits are issued in one of the thirty-three Road Management Departments of the Russian Federation (Uprdor) or in their branches. The list of departments can be found on the Rosavtodor website. You can apply for such a permit in person or also through the “State Oversized Cargo” portal

The “Large Cargo” sign is a metal or plastic shield with a reflective coating measuring 40x40 cm with red and white stripes 5 cm wide alternating diagonally. The mandatory presence of a reflective coating on the sign is dictated by the need to reduce the risk of accidents in the dark.

“Oversized cargo” stickers of similar sizes – 40x40 cm – can also be used.

The sign is intended to designate a vehicle transporting oversized (large or heavy) cargo, also to increase its visibility on the road and warn other road users of possible danger.

History[ | ]

For the first time in Russia, the concept of oversized cargo

appeared in the early 70s, when the era of great construction projects began in the USSR. This is the time when the construction of dozens of the largest facilities of the industrial and energy complex of the Soviet Union began: Atommash, Kureyskaya, Sayano-Shushenskaya, Sakhalinskaya and other hydroelectric power stations, nuclear power plants, oil and gas pipelines of Western Siberia, the first petrochemical plants. And each of them needed services for the delivery of large-sized heavy cargo, technological equipment of large unit capacity, which could not be delivered “in bulk” or in parts, with subsequent installation on site.[1]

In 1974, the State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR created a Temporary Scientific and Technical Commission to prepare proposals for ensuring the transportation of oversized energy and industrial equipment of large mass. This commission comprehensively studied the problems of transporting oversized cargo of large mass (OGBM). The commission’s proposals were reflected in the resolution of the State Committee of the Council of Ministers dated November 24, 1976 “On ensuring the transportation of large-sized and heavy energy and other industrial equipment and the development of related research and development work” and “The main directions of research and development design and engineering work to ensure the transportation of energy and other industrial equipment.”[1]

Based on the results of the commission’s work, in 1974 in the city of Gorky (now Nizhny Novgorod) a specialized motorcade “Spetstyazhavtotrans” was created, and in 1976 a specialized research and production association (SNPO) “Spetstyazhavtotrans” was created. The main result of several years of work of the SNPO "Spetstyazhavtotrans" was the creation in the country of a unified system for the transportation of oversized cargo of large mass, its organizational, regulatory, and technological foundations.[1]

Transportation of heavy cargo

Advice from lawyers:

1. Is soil a heavy load and is a permit required for its transportation?

1.1. Hello! By tonnage.

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Consultation on your issue

Calls from landlines and mobiles are free throughout Russia

2. Please tell me, on a vehicle with a carrying capacity of over 50 tons (transportation of large and heavy cargo), what should be the daily work schedule, and the number of drivers in one shift? Thank you!

2.1. RULES FOR TRANSPORTATION OF LARGE AND HEAVY CARGO Transportation of large and heavy cargo in urban, suburban and intercity traffic is carried out in accordance with the Rules for the transportation of goods by road (approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 15, 2011 No. 272), issued in pursuance of Federal Law dated 8 November 2007 No. 259-FZ “Charter of road transport and urban ground electric transport” (hereinafter referred to as the Charter) and have the same scope as the Charter, i.e. regulate relations arising in the provision of services by road transport. In the case of transportation of large and heavy cargo carried out to meet the own needs of legal entities and individuals on vehicles that they legally own, contractual relations do not arise. Therefore, these transportations are still the scope of application of the Instructions for the transportation of large-sized and heavy cargo by road on the roads of the Russian Federation (approved by the Ministry of Transport of Russia on May 27, 1996). By Order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia dated July 24, 2012 No. 258, changes were made to this Instruction.

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3. Who must pay for the impound lot (customer or carrier) when parking a vehicle without a pass when transporting heavy cargo.

3.1. It depends on why the car ended up in the impound lot.

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4. Should the shipper provide the carrier with a pass when transporting heavy cargo.

4.1. Depends on the terms of the signed contract of carriage.

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5. How long is the statute of limitations (fine for compensation for damage caused by a vehicle transporting heavy cargo on a road). The act was received on May 14, 2013, and the statement of claim was received in court on May 18, 2020.

5.1. The statute of limitations for traffic police fines is regulated by Article 31.9 of the Code of Administrative Offenses: Article 31.9. Limitation of execution of a resolution on the imposition of an administrative penalty 1. A resolution on the imposition of an administrative penalty is not subject to execution if this resolution was not enforced within two years from the date of its entry into legal force.

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5.2. Hello, tell the court about missing the deadline for attracting.

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6. The car was parked in the impound lot in Kazan. They are charged with transporting heavy cargo without a special permit. Cargo: palm stearin. Total weight is more than 44220 tons. Tell me how to act in this situation!

6.1. Pay a fine, eliminate violations and pick up the vehicle from the impound lot.

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7. There is a resolution on an administrative offense against an organization for violating the rules for transporting heavy cargo. We want to challenge it in court. Need help from a specialist.

7.1. Contact us directly, there is information on the website.

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8. When transporting cargo, the total weight exceeded the special weight by 23%. There is no permit for the transportation of heavy cargo, what penalties may apply.

8.1. Fine threatens.

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9. By decision of the court, a fine for transporting heavy cargo on the husband’s road was determined in the amount of 300 rubles. 09.10.2013, 17.10.2013 he died. In September 2020, our apartment, which is in common joint ownership, including our daughter, was encumbered by bailiffs. Are their actions legal, is it possible to remove the burden?

9.1. Hello! Illegal, appeal to court.

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10. I am interested in the statute of limitations for compensation for damage caused by transport. Vehicles transporting heavy cargo. We received a claim... dated November 22, 2012 for violation of the rules (exceeding the maximum permissible maximum weight and axial loads) in the amount of 4,107 rubles (only December 9, 2015). We were asked to pay this amount, otherwise they are going to sue us. Please tell me if there is any statute of limitations on this issue. Thank you in advance.

10.1. The general statute of limitations is 3 years.

Did the answer help you?YesNo

Regulatory documents for the transportation of oversized cargo by road[ | ]

Below is a list of regulations governing the transportation of oversized cargo by road in Russia and brief comments on them.

Traffic rules on the transportation of oversized cargo.

Only some features of the transportation of oversized cargo are regulated by the Road Traffic Rules of the Russian Federation. They talk about flashing lights, identification marks, speed of movement of oversized vehicles, overhang (protrusion beyond the rear and side dimensions). The remaining aspects of transportation of oversized goods, according to traffic regulations, are regulated by special rules. They will be discussed below.

Federal law and rules for the transportation of goods by road

The main regulatory act regarding the road transport of oversized cargo is Federal Law No. 257-FZ, which, in Chapter 5, Article 31, regulates how oversized cargo should be transported on the roads of the Russian Federation. This law states that:

A special permit is required for transporting CTG on roads;
the issuance procedure is approved by the government of the Russian Federation;
the route must be agreed with the road owners;
Damage must be compensated, which is calculated by the owners of the roads.

Based on the law defined by this law, the government approved the Rules for the transportation of goods by road.

They were approved by Resolution No. 272 of 04/15/11. They provide definitions, including those needed by oversize workers:

heavy cargo;
large cargo;
divisible load.

Also in the appendices to these rules, numerical standards are given by which it is determined whether the cargo is “oversized”.

Federal law on international transportation of oversized goods

International transportation of oversized cargo is regulated by Federal Law No. 127-FZ. It states that:

when crossing the border without a special permit, the car will be detained;
You cannot carry out interregional transportation using a foreign vehicle.

Order No. 258: procedure for issuing permits

The main document that regulates the procedure for issuing a special permit for oversized cargo is the Procedure for issuing a special permit for the movement on roads of a vehicle transporting heavy and (or) large cargo, or as it is briefly called by the people, “Order 258”.

It regulates:

what a special permit should look like,
what information should it contain;
the procedure for applying for a special permit - where to submit, what information to provide and what attachments to make to the application;
conditions for accepting applications and refusing them;
procedure for consideration and approval of the application;
features of coordination of heavy cargo;
deadlines for obtaining a permit;
procedure for issuing or refusing to issue a completed permit.

Order No. 107: regulations for government agencies on issuing permits

Order 258 determines the procedure for obtaining permits “on the part of the carrier.” But there is a document for “the other side of the window” - the administrative regulations for the provision of public services for issuing permits, approved by Order of the Ministry of Transport No. 107 of January 15, 2013. It prescribes the procedure for the actions of the government agency issuing permits.

It states:

an exhaustive list of documents required from the carrier;
list of grounds for refusal to provide services;
amount of state duty;
registration and registration deadlines;
requirements for the premises in which the service is provided;
procedures for filing and considering complaints regarding the service;

Order No. 7: safety of oversized transportation

Order No. 7 of the Ministry of Transport dated January 15, 2014, which entered into force on July 1, 2014, regulates certain standards designed to ensure the safety of transportation of oversized cargo. It says:

about divisible loads;
about organizing support for oversized cargo: what parameters are required for support and how it should be equipped;
conditions under which a traffic management project is required and requirements for the design of such a project.

Decree No. 934 + No. 12: compensation for damage

Until the end of 2014, the carrier pays for damage caused to roads by heavy cargo, on the basis of Government Decree No. 934 of November 16, 2009. And from January 1, 2020, Government Decree No. 12 of January 9, 2014 will come into force, which greatly increases the amount of damage, charged for transporting heavy loads. The rules for compensation for damage provide a general formula for calculating damage, as well as tables of rates for damage by total mass and axial loads for each federal district of the Russian Federation.

Resolution No. 125: procedure for weight and dimensional control

This Government Resolution No. 125 of April 27, 2011 approves the procedure for monitoring compliance with the rules for transporting oversized cargo: who should weigh vehicles and how and with what permissible error.

Order No. 211: on traffic restrictions (“thaw”)

Restrictions on the movement of all freight vehicles, for various reasons, including in the spring (“in the mud”), are regulated by Order of the Ministry of Transport No. 211 of August 12, 2011. This document tells who can impose restrictions on the roads, when and on what period; and also to whom these restrictions do not apply.

Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation: fines for violating the rules for transporting oversized goods

Article of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation 12.21.1 “Violation of the rules for the transportation of large and heavy cargo” regulates the form and degree of responsibility for violation of the rules for the transportation of oversized cargo. It describes the amount of fines for non-compliance with the rules and who they are charged to.

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of January 31, 2020 N 67

The government decree “On approval of the Rules for compensation for damage caused by heavy vehicles, on amending and invalidating certain acts of the Government of the Russian Federation” regulates the amount of payments for the load on the roadway when transporting heavy cargo. It determines the appropriate rates for all types of roads, vehicles and regions.

Large and heavy vehicles. Changes in traffic rules from April 8, 2020

Dear colleagues.

On April 8, 2020, changes to the Traffic Rules regarding the movement of heavy vehicles, large vehicles and vehicles transporting dangerous goods came into force.

Amendments to the Decree of the Council of Ministers - Government of the Russian Federation dated October 23, 1993 No. 1090 “On traffic rules” were made on the basis of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated March 26, 2020 No. 341 “On amendments to certain acts of the Government of the Russian Federation on issues concerning the movement of heavy and (or) large-sized vehicles, as well as vehicles transporting dangerous goods.”

The first thing that attracts attention is that the concepts of “heavy loads”, “oversized loads” and “dangerous goods” have been completely removed from the Road Traffic Rules. Instead of these concepts, new concepts have been introduced into the traffic rules - “heavy vehicles” , “large vehicles” and “ vehicles transporting dangerous goods” .

In fact, there is nothing new in changing these concepts; most regulatory documents have already done this; now it’s the turn of traffic rules. We will consider the remaining changes, of which there are not many, point by point.

2.1. The driver of a motor vehicle is obliged to:

2.1.1. Carry with you and, at the request of police officers, hand over to them for verification:

in established cases, permission to carry out activities for the transportation of passengers and luggage by passenger taxi, waybill, license card and documents for the transported cargo, as well as special permits , in the presence of which, in accordance with the legislation on highways and on road activities, traffic on highways is allowed a heavy vehicle, a large vehicle or a vehicle transporting dangerous goods.

As you can see, in paragraph 2.1.1, the term “documents provided for by the rules for the carriage of goods” has been replaced by a new and more specific term “special permit” . Accordingly, a driver driving a heavy vehicle, or a large vehicle, or a vehicle transporting dangerous goods, is required to carry a “special permit” and, at the request of police officers, hand it over to them for verification.

See also: Bill restricting the use of studded tires

10. Travel speed

10.4. Heavy vehicles, large vehicles and vehicles transporting dangerous goods are allowed to move at a speed not exceeding the speed specified in a special permit, in the presence of which, in accordance with the legislation on highways and on road activities, such vehicles are allowed to travel on highways. Vehicle.

Clause 10.4. states that a driver driving a heavy vehicle, or a large vehicle, or a vehicle transporting dangerous goods, is obliged to comply with the speed limit, that is, not exceed the speed specified in the “special permit”.

23. Transportation of goods

23.5. The movement of a heavy and (or) large vehicle, as well as a vehicle transporting dangerous goods, is carried out taking into account the requirements of the Federal Law “On Highways and Road Activities in the Russian Federation and on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation.”

In the previous edition of the traffic rules, this paragraph indicated the specific overall dimensions of the vehicle, if exceeded, it was necessary to drive “in accordance with special rules.” In the new version, paragraph 23.5 refers to the Federal Law “On Highways and Road Activities in the Russian Federation and on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation.” It is unclear why this law was mentioned, because it also lacks data on the overall dimensions of vehicles.

Let me remind you that the changes listed above came into force on April 8, 2020.

We remind you that on the website, in the “Road Traffic Safety Documents” section, you can find samples of documents necessary for organizing work on road safety.

You can also purchase a ready-made package of documents for organizing work on road safety on the website www.trans-otdel.ru. The cost of the package is 2000 rubles.

All documents are presented in Word and Excel format. In order to receive all the listed documents, just write to the email indicated in the “Contacts” , and you will be contacted within a day. Documents will be sent electronically to the email address you provided after confirmation of payment.

See also: Changes to the Technical Inspection Rules. Seat belts

Head of the Transport Department Zuev Seraphim

Road transportation of bulk or liquid cargo[ | ]

According to clause 51 of the Rules for ensuring the safety of transportation of passengers and goods by road transport and urban ground electric transport, quote:

“Transportation of large and (or) heavy cargo is possible in cases where the cargo cannot be divided into parts without the risk of damage.”

This rule directly applies to the transportation of heavy bulk or liquid cargo. Since such cargo can be divided into parts without the risk of damage, the law prohibits the transportation of such cargo in excess of the maximum permissible standards for the total weight of the vehicle with cargo.

For example, for a car with three axles whose unladen weight is 15 tons, the maximum cargo weight will be 10 tons (total no more than 25 tons). A permit to transport, for example, 15 tons will not be issued - they will be refused on the basis of this 51st paragraph. For carriers of bulk or liquid cargo, there is only one legal way to increase the mass transported in one trip - increase the number of axles, use semi-trailers with 5 or more axles.

Organization of road transportation of oversized cargo

If the cargo exceeds the dimensions of the vehicle, that is, it protrudes from the rear and front by 1 m or from the side by 0.4 m (40 cm), then a special identification sign “Large cargo” must be installed on the vehicle.

In some cases, road transportation of cargo requires the organization of transportation support

Until July 1, 2014, the following rules were in effect:

Transportation of oversized cargo must be organized by a transport company if the cargo has the following parameters:

the length of the vehicle with cargo is more than 24 m, but less than 30 m;
the width of the vehicle with a load is more than 3.5 m, but less than 4 m;

Transportation of oversized cargo must be accompanied by representatives of the road inspection if the cargo has the following parameters:

length of a vehicle with a load of more than 30 m;
width of a vehicle with a load of more than 4 m.

From July 1, 2014, in connection with the entry into force of Order No. 7 of the Ministry of Transport of Russia dated January 15, 2014, establishing the Rules for ensuring the safety of transportation of passengers and cargo by road and urban ground electric transport, the following measures are being introduced to organize the transportation of oversized cargo:

52. To ensure safety when transporting large and (or) heavy cargo and informing other road users about its dimensions listed in the table “Mandatory conditions for the use of cover vehicles” (appendix to these Rules), the use of cover vehicles is necessary. 53. The cover vehicle must move: 1) in front of the vehicle: at a safe distance for movement (taking into account the established speed), with a ledge on the left side in relation to the vehicle carrying large and (or) heavy cargo, so that it the width of the clearance exceeded the dimensions of the accompanying vehicle with the information reflective or light display specified in paragraph 56 of these Rules facing forward; with a deployed device for determining the height of artificial structures and other utilities when the height of the vehicle with or without cargo is over 4.5 meters; 2) behind a vehicle with a reflective or internally illuminated information board, specified in paragraph 54 of these Rules, facing backwards. The use of a cover vehicle behind the vehicle is also necessary in cases where the overhang of the cargo over the rear clearance of the vehicle is more than four meters, regardless of other parameters of the vehicle with the cargo. 54. The cover vehicle must: 1) have reflective yellow-orange stripes; 2) be equipped with: two flashing beacons of yellow or orange color (the use of flashing beacons structurally combined in one housing is allowed); a yellow reflective or light display measuring one meter by 0.5 meters with the text “BIG WIDTH”, “BIG LENGTH”, made of blue reflective film with a font height of 14 cm; a device for determining the height of artificial structures and other utilities. The flashing light is installed on or above the roof of the vehicle. Methods for installing flashing beacons must ensure the reliability of their fastening in all modes of movement and braking of the vehicle. 55. An information reflective or internally illuminated display must be installed on the roof or above the cover vehicle behind a flashing light in the direction of travel and used to additionally inform road users about the overall parameters of the vehicle: when the width of a vehicle with large cargo is over 3.5 meters - “BIG WIDTH”; if the length of a vehicle with large cargo is more than 25 meters and at the same time the width is not more than 3.5 meters - “LARGE LENGTH”; when the width of a vehicle with a large cargo is over 3.5 meters and at the same time the length is more than 25 meters, on the cover vehicle next in front - “LARGE WIDTH”, and on the cover vehicle following behind - “LONG LENGTH”.

How many cover vehicles are needed is described in the appendix table to the Rules:

Road transportation of heavy cargo[ | ]

There are two parameters by which a load can be determined to be heavy:

Total weight of the road train. The total is considered, that is, the total for the tractor, semi-trailer (low-bed trawl) and the cargo itself. There are standards:
for road trains consisting of a tractor with a trailer: with three axles - 28 tons; with four axles – 36 tons; with five axles or more - 40 tons.
Vehicle axle load. For most roads with asphalt concrete pavement (categories 1 and 2), the maximum load on one axle is 11.5 tf (ton-force, 1 tf = 103 kgf = 9806.65 N). When planning routes with maximum axial loads, special attention is paid to possible problem areas - crossings, bridges, overpasses, overpasses, etc.

Definition of heavy cargo

Today, circumstances have developed in such a way that for most roads of the first two categories built during the Soviet period, the same axle load indicators are allowed (up to 10 tf per axle), and for roads built and reconstructed on the basis of the requirements of new GOSTs – others (up to 11.5 tf per axle). As for roads of the third category, according to Soviet standards the permitted load when traveling on them is 6 tf per axle, according to the newly approved ones - 10 tf per axle.

The cargo carrier’s route, as a rule, runs through roads of various categories and purposes, built at different stages of the existence of our state. In this case, the maximum acceptable load on the axle at various stages of the journey can be either 11.5 or 6 or less tf.

These indicators are the maximum possible, but they can vary depending on the axle spacing of the vehicle (the smaller it is, the smaller the maximum permissible load value).

Thus, with a distance between axles of more than 2 m on roads built in accordance with the requirements of Soviet GOSTs, the maximum permissible value of the axle load will be no more than 10 tf, and with an axle spacing of up to 1 m - no higher than 6 tf.

With similar intervals between axles for roads of the first and second categories, built according to new GOSTs, new boundary values of axle load have been adopted. Thus, for transport units with an axle spacing of more than 2 m, this figure should not exceed 11.5 tf per axle, with a distance of up to 1 m - 8 tf per axle.

Do not forget that often the cargo carrier’s route passes along local roads classified as the third category, which were built according to Soviet GOSTs. On such roads, axle loads are limited to 6 tf per axle for vehicles with an axle distance of more than 2 m. For other vehicles with shorter axle intervals, the axle load will be even lower.

In connection with the above, a vehicle, the total mass of which together with the load is no more than 40 tons, on a certain section of the road may exceed the maximum permitted value of the axle load indicator for this section. Although the appropriate road signs will signal this, other options to get to your destination may simply not exist (or their use makes no sense from an economic point of view). This creates a risk for the carrier company to violate the rules for transporting cargo, even if the transportation itself is not particularly difficult.

Special permit for oversized cargo[ | ]

Sample of an international permit for the transportation of large and/or heavy cargo by road

Registration procedure[ | ]

Types of special permits[ | ]

There are two types of special permission:

for international transportation;
for interregional transportation.

International special permits[ | ]

If the route of the road train includes a border crossing across the border of the Russian Federation and goes to another state, an international special permit is required.

“Oversized cargo” stickers of similar sizes – 40x40 cm – can also be used.

The sign is intended to designate a vehicle transporting oversized (large or heavy) cargo, also to increase its visibility on the road and warn other road users of possible danger.

Difference between heavy and oversized cargo

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Difference between heavy and oversized cargo

What is meant by the words “transportation of oversized cargo”? Oversized is most often industrial equipment or machinery, as well as containers and other products of large dimensions ( length - more than 20 m, width - more than 2.55 m, height - more than 4 m

Transportation of products with such dimensions requires special conditions and a special approach, just like transportation of heavy cargo. These two concepts are often combined into one and special flights are characterized as “transportation of oversized heavy cargo.” In most cases, these concepts really coincide; a large product usually weighs quite a bit. At the same time, it must be remembered that a load is called heavy if the vehicle together with it weighs more than 38 tons

, therefore, cargo that does not fall under the category of oversized can be heavy, just as oversized cargo (for example, made of plastic) may not be heavy.

What are the dangers of transporting heavy and bulky goods? Firstly, they require special transport. Secondly, fastening without strict adherence to safety rules or the driver of the vehicle lacking experience in precisely such transportation can lead to damage to state property, accidents or damage to the transported cargo itself.

If heavy cargo is transported by road, then special machines and devices will be needed: truck tractors with trailers and semi-trailers, low-load platforms that allow the transportation of heavy oversized cargo that exceeds the dimensions of the low loader itself.

In any case, transportation of both large and heavy cargo must be properly documented and carried out only with permission from the Federal Road Service of Russia or other authorities vested with such powers.

Preparatory work before transporting oversized cargo includes the preparation of documentation for the transported oversized or heavy object, which records its data: weight, dimensions and other features. After this, an optimal transportation route is developed, which takes into account the features of the terrain, the individual characteristics of the routes, the presence of dangerous places along the route that limit the possibilities of movement (tunnels, bridges, etc.) and even weather conditions.

Before transportation, the loaded product intended for transportation is carefully secured with special devices using modern equipment so as to avoid rolling, vibration and, especially, falling of the load.

To the list of interesting articles about oversized transportation

Requirements for the driver when transporting oversized cargo[ | ]

Transporting oversized cargo is a complex and in some cases dangerous process, therefore there are a number of requirements for the driver and the cargo transportation process as a whole, for example:

the load must be placed in such a way as not to impair or limit the driver's visibility
the cargo must not negatively affect the stability of the vehicle used, that is, it must be secured in accordance with all safety rules and must not provoke the vehicle to tip over during movement
the load must not make it difficult to drive the vehicle
the load must not interfere with the perception of signals given to the driver by road users, and must not block reflectors, identification signs, lighting devices and other devices
the cargo must not produce noise or other sound interference, must not raise dust during transportation, or harm the road surface or the environment
While driving, the driver must monitor the placement, securing and condition of the cargo being transported.

What goods are considered heavy?

A heavy load is one whose actual weight, together with the vehicle used, is more than 38 tons, or the load created on the axle exceeds the following values:

10 t – for a single axle;
16 t – for a dual axle;
22 t – for a triple axle.

As for oversized cargo, these include those whose dimensions, together with the vehicle used, exceed one of the following values:

2.65 m in width;
4 m in height from the road (in the case of container ships this parameter is 4.35 m);
22 m in length;
The load protrudes directly beyond the rear marker of the vehicle for a length of more than 2 m.

These values were given for road transport. However, it is not always true that truly heavy or large-sized cargo is transported by automobiles. In some cases, it is more appropriate to transport them by sea or air. And the decision about which option to give preference to in a particular situation must be made by real professionals - professionals who know the intricacies of air transportation, who know how to freight a container from China, etc. Moreover, it is very easy to find such professionals - you just need contact a specialized transport logistics company.

Organization of road transportation of oversized cargo[ | ]

In some cases, road transportation of cargo requires the organization of transportation support

Until July 1, 2014, the following rules were in effect:

Transportation of oversized cargo must be organized by a transport company if the cargo has the following parameters:

the length of the vehicle with cargo is more than 24 m, but less than 30 m;
the width of the vehicle with a load is more than 3.5 m, but less than 4 m;

Transportation of oversized cargo must be accompanied by representatives of the road inspection if the cargo has the following parameters:

length of a vehicle with a load of more than 30 m;
width of a vehicle with a load of more than 4 m.

How many cover vehicles are needed is described in the appendix table to the Rules:

Safety requirements for loading (unloading) heavy and long cargo

Loading and unloading operations with heavy and long cargo (equipment, metal and reinforced concrete structures, timber, pipes, rails, etc.) must be carried out, as a rule, mechanized using lifting and transport equipment (cranes, winches, blocks, hoists) , hoists, etc.).

Work on moving heavy equipment and machines (weighing more than 500 kg) is permitted only if there is a work organization plan in which occupational safety measures must be developed.

Loading (unloading) of heavy and long cargo (more than 2 m in length) using a grab, electromagnet and other load-handling devices should be done only in the absence of people, both in the cabin and in the body of the vehicle being loaded (unloaded).

The area for lifting and moving loads using electromagnets and grabs must be fenced and have an alarm system warning of the danger of being in this area. Fences must be painted in a signal color in accordance with GOST 12.4.086-76.

When lifting loads, it is necessary to ensure that the ropes of lifting devices are wound correctly onto the winch drums.

Slinging of large-sized cargo should be carried out using removable load-handling devices using special devices (slinging units, loops) or designated places, depending on the position of the center of gravity and the mass of the cargo.

Loads folded in bags must be strapped in such a way that the possibility of them falling during lifting is excluded.

During mechanized loading (unloading), long loads must be tied with two slings using a traverse.

Before lifting or moving a load, the stability of the load and its correct slinging must be checked.

The load is first raised to a height of no more than 0.2 - 0.3 m to check the correctness of the sling and the reliability of the brake, and only after that the lifting is continued.

Loads should be moved smoothly, without jerks or impacts. It is prohibited to leave a raised load hanging, or to be near people in the area of the lifted (lowered) load.

It is not allowed to support, unfold or guide a suspended load directly with your hands. These operations should be carried out using a hook or rope attached to the load.

When stacking long cargo, it is necessary to take measures against their spontaneous rolling off the stacks, for which you should install supports and fastenings on both sides of the stack and use special grips (pincers).

Pipes should be laid as follows:

· with a diameter of up to 0.3 m - in a stack up to 3 m high on pads and gaskets with end stops;

· with a diameter of more than 0.3 m - in a stack up to 3 m high “in the saddle” without gaskets. The bottom row must be laid on spacers and reinforced with individual metal shoes or end stops.

When carrying long loads on your shoulders, you must wear shoulder pads. At least two workers must carry long loads on the same shoulders, and the workers must keep pace. Long loads should be removed from the shoulders at the command of the worker walking behind.

When moving heavy loads manually, the following rules must be observed:

— in case of soft soil and uneven surface, boards, beams or sleepers should be laid along the path of cargo movement;

— the rollers used to move loads must be strong, level and of sufficient length, their ends should not protrude from under the load being moved by more than 0.3 - 0.4 m;

— to bring the rollers under the load, you should use crowbars or rack jacks;

— it is prohibited to adjust the rollers under the load with your hands or feet;

- it is prohibited to take the roller to move it forward before it is completely freed from under the load;

— while moving the load, it is necessary to ensure that the rollers do not turn at an angle relative to the direction of movement of the load;

— when moving a load down an inclined plane, it is necessary to use arresting devices so that the load does not roll under the influence of its own gravity.

Methods of stacking and securing cargo must ensure their stability during transportation and storage, unloading vehicles and dismantling stacks, as well as the possibility of mechanized loading and unloading. Maneuvering vehicles with cargo after removing the fastenings from the cargo is not allowed.

During loading and unloading operations, it is not allowed to tilt, drag, grab with iron hooks or drop the load from a height.

Links[ | ]

Federal Law of the Russian Federation of November 8, 2007 N 257-FZ “On highways and road activities in the Russian Federation and on amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation.”
Federal Law of the Russian Federation of July 24, 1998 No. 127-FZ “On state control over the implementation of international road transport and on liability for violation of the procedure for their implementation.”
Federal Law of the Russian Federation of November 24, 2014 N 362-FZ. “On amendments to the Federal Law “On state control over the implementation of international road transport and on liability for violation of the procedure for their implementation” and the Ex of the Russian Federation on administrative offenses in connection with the improvement of state control over the implementation of international road transport”
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 15, 2011 N 272. “On approval of the Rules for the transportation of goods by road.”
Order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation (Mintrans of Russia) dated July 24, 2012 N 258. “On approval of the Procedure for issuing a special permit for the movement of a vehicle transporting heavy and (or) large-sized cargo on roads.”
Order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation (Mintrans of Russia) dated March 28, 2013 N 107. “On approval of the Administrative Regulations of the Federal Road Agency for the provision of public services for issuing a special permit for the movement on roads of a vehicle transporting heavy and (or) large-sized cargo , if the route, part of the route of the specified vehicle passes along federal highways, sections of such highways or through the territories of two or more constituent entities of the Russian Federation or in international traffic.”
Order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation (Mintrans of Russia) dated January 15, 2014 N 7. “On approval of the Rules for ensuring the safety of transportation of passengers and cargo by road and urban ground electric transport and the List of measures for training employees of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs engaged in transportation by road transport and urban ground electric transport, to safe operation and vehicles to safe operation."
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 16, 2009 N 934. “On compensation for damage caused by vehicles transporting heavy cargo on the roads of the Russian Federation.”
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated January 9, 2014 N 12. “On amendments to certain acts of the Government of the Russian Federation on the transportation of heavy cargo on the roads of the Russian Federation.”
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 23, 1993 No. 1090 “On the rules of the road” and “Basic provisions for the admission of vehicles to operation and the responsibilities of officials to ensure road safety” (with amendments and additions).
Order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation (Mintrans of Russia) dated April 27, 2011 N 125. “On approval of the Procedure for carrying out weight and dimensional control of vehicles, including the procedure for organizing points for weight and dimensional control of vehicles”
Order of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation (Mintrans of Russia) dated August 12, 2011 N 211. “On approval of the Procedure for implementing temporary restrictions or stopping the movement of vehicles on federal roads and private roads”
Ex of the Russian Federation on administrative offenses (Administrative Code of the Russian Federation) dated December 30, 2001 N 195-FZ. Article 12.21.1. “Violation of the rules for the transportation of large and heavy cargo”
Instructions for the transportation of large and heavy cargo by road on the roads of the Russian Federation
SDA - Traffic Rules of the Russian Federation
Rules dated November 29, 1996 N 44 Safety rules for the transportation of large and heavy cargo (KHT). RD 31.11.21.24-96 (approved by order of Rosmorflot dated November 29, 1996 N 44)
https://web.archive.org/web/20160808163426/https://gucmp.ru/index.php/obshchie-polozheniya Regulations on escorting vehicles by cars of the State Road Safety Inspectorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation and the Military Automobile Inspectorate (approved. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 20 of January 17, 2007);
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of January 31, 2020 N 67 “On approval of the Rules for compensation for damage caused by heavy vehicles, on amending and invalidating certain acts of the Government of the Russian Federation.”

“Heavy load” was replaced with “heavy vehicle”

On July 24, 2020, the Federal Law of July 13, 2020 No. 248-FZ “On Amendments to the Federal Law “On Highways and Road Activities in the Russian Federation” came into force.

In particular, the corresponding conceptual apparatus has been changed: the concepts of “heavy cargo” and “large-sized cargo” have been replaced by the concepts of “heavy vehicle” and “large-sized vehicle”, and the concept of “indivisible cargo” has also been defined.

The law introduced a ban on the movement on roads of heavy vehicles, the weight of which with or without cargo and (or) the axle load of which exceeds the permissible by more than two percent, and (or) on large vehicles and on vehicles carrying out transportation dangerous goods without special permits; heavy vehicles transporting goods that are not indivisible; large-sized vehicles transporting goods that are not indivisible, with the exception of vehicles whose dimensions are no more than two percent greater than permissible, moving on the basis of special permits.

The procedure for issuing special permits for the movement of heavy and (or) large vehicles on roads, as well as vehicles transporting dangerous goods, is also being improved.

In addition, the law establishes that when carrying out weight and dimensional control, officials of the Federal Service for Supervision of Transport (Rostransnadzor) have the right to stop the vehicle at weight and dimensional control points.

At the same time, the Federal Law introduced amendments to the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offences.

Thus, in particular, the Code has been supplemented with a new Article 5.63.1, which provides for the liability of officials and legal entities for violation of the established deadlines for approving the routes of a heavy and (or) large vehicle or the deadline for issuing a special permit, or for an unreasonable refusal to coordinate routes or issuing a special permit .

Also, the new edition contains Article 12.21.1 of the Code, which significantly increases liability for violating the rules of movement of a heavy and (or) large vehicle.

Part 2 of Article 12.25 of the Code has been supplemented with a provision on liability for failure to comply with the legal request of an official of Rostransnadzor to stop a vehicle.

These changes are aimed at streamlining the movement of heavy and large vehicles on the roads of the Russian Federation, as well as vehicles transporting dangerous goods. The State Traffic Inspectorate is confident that compliance with the new standards by all carriers will maintain the quality of roads and increase the level of safety for all road users.

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Advantages of transporting heavy cargo by rail

The volume of cargo delivered by rail exceeds the share of cargo transportation by other modes of transport. This delivery method has the following advantages:

Low price. The cost of transporting 1 ton by rail, calculated per 1 km of track, is 20-30% cheaper than sending it by special vehicle.
Deadlines. Trains move according to schedule. The likelihood of delays or emergency situations is much lower than when transporting by other land transport.
High load capacity. Special cars with a reinforced frame and 16-32 axles can load equipment and structures weighing up to 500 tons.
Safety. The probability of accidents on the railway is significantly lower than the possibility of dangerous situations occurring on the highway.

A developed network of railways makes it possible to deliver heavy cargo to any point in the Russian Federation or another country.

Prices for transportation of heavy cargo by rail

Service	Cost (per 1 km)	Currency
Transportation of oversized cargo	from 70	rub
Transportation of oversized cargo	from 90	rub
Transportation of metal structures	from 70	rub
Transportation of industrial equipment	from 70	rub
Transportation of tractors	from 70	rub
Transportation of combines	from 70	rub
Transportation of oil equipment	from 70	rub
Transportation of gas equipment	from 70	rub
Transportation of block boxes	from 70	rub
Transportation of compressor stations	from 70	rub
Transportation of construction equipment	from 70	rub
Transportation of construction cranes	from 70	rub
Transportation of excavators	from 70	rub
Transportation of bulldozers	from 70	rub
Transportation of motor graders	from 70	rub
Transportation of road rollers	from 70	rub
Transportation of bridge spans	from 70	rub

Rules for the transportation of large and heavy cargo

If the weight and dimensions of a loaded vehicle exceed the established standards, then we are talking about the transportation of oversized cargo, which is carried out according to special rules. Relevant traffic regulations play a major role here, since safety for road users is a common priority. Of course, for each category of oversized cargo, its own transportation rules are developed, but their importance will be of secondary importance.

According to the requirements of traffic regulations, when transporting oversized cargo, it must not:

impair the driver's visibility;
reduce vehicle stability;
cover identification signs, headlights and reflectors;
create noise and raise dust;
harm the road and the environment.

Transportation of oversized cargo is carried out

special vehicles
, the main ones of which are vehicles with low-loading platforms
. When loading such objects, much attention is paid to the correct distribution of loads relative to the axles of the truck. Here you need to focus on the maximum values of these loads established by the vehicle manufacturer. The driver of the vehicle constantly checks the securing of the load, as well as its general condition.

Oversized items only in rare cases have the correct shape and a center of gravity located exactly in the middle. Most often you have to deal with more complex loads, which, if improperly secured, can fly off the platform or overturn the vehicle while moving. To prevent this from happening, before loading, a thorough weighing is carried out to calculate the most correct location of oversized items on the platform. Before shipping, the reliability of fastening is checked.

In the dark and when visibility decreases, oversized cargo is additionally equipped with reflectors or lanterns

(back – white, front – red). The vehicle moves at a special speed limit - up to 60 km/h on roads, up to 15 km/h on bridges. The driver is prohibited from:

change the pre-agreed route;
exceed the speed limit;
move in conditions of poor visibility of less than 100 m.

When transporting oversized cargo, you must not move along the side of the road or stop outside specially designated parking areas, which are located outside the highway.

Heavy cargo can also be transported using:

aviation
railway
sea and river vessels

Organization of the movement of vehicles transporting large and heavy cargo

1. Transportation of large-sized and heavy cargo of category 2 in populated areas is carried out during the period of least traffic intensity, and outside populated areas - during daylight hours. At night, on roads outside populated areas, as well as during heavy traffic during daylight hours, transportation is permitted only if the cargo is accompanied.

2. When agreeing on a permit to transport cargo, the State Traffic Inspectorate determines the need and type of escort. Escort can be carried out by: a cover vehicle and (or) a tractor; traffic police patrol car.

3. Accompanying a cover vehicle is mandatory in all cases when: - the width of the vehicle with cargo exceeds 3.5 m; — the length of the road train is more than 24 m; - in other cases, when the permit in the column “Special traffic conditions” states that movement through any artificial structure is permitted alone, or other conditions are indicated that require prompt changes in the organization of traffic on the cargo transportation route.

Cover vehicle(s), as well as tractors (depending on the cargo being transported and road conditions) are allocated by the cargo carrier or shipper.

4. Participation in escorting a traffic police patrol car is necessary if: - the width of the vehicle exceeds 4.0 m; — the length of the road train exceeds 30.0 m; — the vehicle, when moving, is forced to at least partially occupy the lane of oncoming traffic; — during the transportation process, it is assumed that there is a need for prompt changes in traffic organization in order to ensure travel safety; — the cargo belongs to category 2.

In other cases, the need for escort is determined by the State Traffic Inspectorate based on road conditions, traffic intensity and the composition of the traffic flow.

Accompaniment by a traffic police patrol car is carried out on a contractual basis.

5. A car with an orange or yellow flashing light is used as a cover vehicle.

The cover vehicle should move ahead at a distance of 10 - 20 m with a ledge on the left side in relation to the escorted vehicle transporting large and heavy cargo, i.e. in such a way that its width extends beyond the dimensions of the accompanying vehicle. When driving across bridge structures, the movement of the cover vehicle (distance, position on the bridge, etc.) is carried out in accordance with the agreed pattern.

6. The speed of movement during the transportation of large and heavy cargo is established by the State Traffic Inspectorate, taking into account the requirements of other organizations that have approved the transportation.

The speed of travel should not exceed 60 km/h on roads, and 15 km/h on bridge structures. In this case, the permitted traffic mode may vary on different sections of the route.

7. During the transportation of large and heavy cargo it is prohibited: - deviate from the established route; — exceed the speed specified in the permit; — drive during icy conditions, as well as when meteorological visibility is less than 100 m; — move along the side of the road, if such an order is not determined by the conditions of transportation; stop outside specially designated parking areas located off the road; — continue transportation if a technical malfunction of the vehicle occurs that threatens traffic safety; - to travel without permission, with an expired or incorrectly executed transportation permit, in the absence of signatures of the officials indicated in it; make additional entries in the permit for the transportation of large or heavy cargo.

8. If during movement circumstances arise that require a change in route, the carrier must obtain permission to move along a new route in the manner prescribed by these Instructions.