T-16 (tractor)

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T-16

— diesel self-propelled chassis. The model was produced by the Kharkov Self-Propelled Tractor Chassis Plant.

T-16

Tractor self-propelled chassis T-16

(“chassis”) was produced by the Kharkov Self-Propelled Tractor Chassis Plant from 1961 to 1967. The development of the T-16 is the result of the modernization of the DSSh-14 self-propelled chassis; projects were developed at SKB for self-propelled tractor chassis in Kharkov. During the production period, almost 600 thousand copies of the T-16 were manufactured.

The T-16 self-propelled chassis had a small two-cylinder diesel engine with a power of 16 hp, with an unusual location for tractors behind the driver's seat, a seven-speed gearbox, and up to three (depending on the configuration and year of manufacture) PTO (power take-off shaft - used for transmission of torque to attachments). The T-16 has high maneuverability. The tractor driver's workplace is open, without a cabin or canopy. At the front of the chassis frame there are mounting points for installing various additional equipment: a cargo platform-dump truck; different types of loaders; chain saws; grader shovel and road brush installed under the frame, hay mower and other things. They were driven by power take-off shafts. The T-16 was originally intended for work in vegetable growing with sprayers, row-crop cultivators and harvesting machines, but became much more widespread as a small off-road delivery truck. The T-16 was especially convenient for small rural construction teams, where it could be used to transport building materials, as well as to drive construction mechanisms: winches, welding generators, circular saws. A large number of replacement equipment were developed and produced for the T-16: a hay mower, a hay thrower, a small-sized backhoe loader, a self-loader (providing loading of bulk and piece materials into its body), a sprayer, a compressor station, etc.

Characteristics of T-16	Meaning
Years of manufacture	1961-1967
Total number of vehicles produced, pcs.	63 500
Engine power, hp	16
Operating weight, kg	1685
Number of forward/reverse gears	4 / 4
Forward speed, km/h	1,50-17,5

Story

T-16 is a tractor designed at SKB, located in Kharkov. The first car was presented already in 1961. Over the entire history of production of the T-16, more than 600 thousand chassis of this model were created. The T-16 tractor is still used today in small agricultural enterprises and budget companies. All thanks to practicality, which is why some companies do not miss the opportunity to purchase this universal device. T-16 is a tractor that has additional space so that devices can be secured, such as, for example, a loading platform, a chain saw, and various types of shovels for loading materials. Very often the T-16 is used for spraying and even plowing.

The T-16 tractor is an improved and modernized version of the DVSSh-16, which is no less popular. People called him everything - “chassik”, “shaitan”, and even “waiter”. The production of the self-propelled chassis was carried out between 1961 and 1967. Engineers developed a special gearbox that was capable of reverse gears. This was an integral part of the T-16 tractor. For smooth and continuous operation of the machine, a pulley was installed, which was driven by the main power take-off shaft.

T-16M

After modernization, the self-propelled chassis received a 25 hp engine, a new gearbox and a new index T-16M

. It became possible to install a frame cabin with an awning and doors. The T-16M was produced from 1967 to 1995. The minimum speed of the T-16M “chassis” in transmission through the creeper was only 1.6 km/h, which made it practically irreplaceable both in agriculture and in municipal or road construction work.

Characteristics of T-16M	Meaning
Years of manufacture	1967-1995
Total number of vehicles produced, pcs.	470 000
Engine power, hp	25
Operating weight, kg	1810
Number of forward/reverse gears	7 / 1
Forward speed, km/h	5,5-23,2
Speed through creeper, km/h	1,6

T-16MG

In 1986, production of the T-16MG

, which received a closed cabin and an improved D-21A1 diesel engine with a power of 25 hp. The changes affected a large number of components and mechanisms, as a result of which the reliability of the tractor as a whole increased. To work with attachments, three power take-off shafts (PTO) are used, one independent and two synchronous.

Characteristics of T-16MG	Meaning
Start of production, g	1986-1995
Traction class	0,6
Engine power, hp	25
Fuel tank capacity, l	40
Structural weight, kg	1730
Number of forward/reverse gears	7 / 1
Travel speed, km/h	1,55 — 40,17
Length, mm	3700
Width, mm	1550
Height, mm	2500
Longitudinal base, mm	2500
Ground clearance, mm	560
Minimum turning radius, m	3,5
Loading capacity of dump truck body, kg	1000

Technical characteristics of the T-16 tractor

Engine brand – D16
Power – 16 hp
Speed – from 3.72 to 19.5 km/h
Dimensions length/width/height – 3280/2500/2600 mm.
The track is adjustable - from 1550 to 2000 mm.
Weight – 1685 kg.
The platform's load capacity is 750 kg.
Agrotechnical clearance – 560 mm.
PTO – independent 533 rpm.

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T-16 tractor engine

D16 is a four-stroke, two-cylinder diesel engine with a power of 16 hp. air cooled. Its peculiarity is the use of a pre-chamber mixture formation method. The prechamber is formed by a cavity that is pressed into the cylinder head in a special insert.

Engine power – 16 hp.
Rated speed – 1750 rpm.
Cylinder diameter/piston stroke – 95/120 mm.
Fuel consumption – 272 g/kWh
Cooling is air.
Towing class – 0.6 t.

The cylinder is cast from cast iron, with cooling fins, 17 in total. High-strength alloy grades of cast iron are used. For precise installation of the cylinders, there is a centering belt on the crankcase.

The material for the manufacture of the cylinder head is gray cast iron. It is attached to the cylinder using four pins. The role of the gasket between the cylinder head and the cylinder is performed by a copper ring.

The pistons are cast from high quality aluminum alloy. To increase the volume of the combustion chamber and improve mixture formation, a recess was made in the piston bottom.

The lubrication system is combined; oil is supplied to the crankshaft crank and main bearings under pressure through special channels; the remaining parts are lubricated by splashing.

Transmission

The T-16 received an eight-speed (7 forward and 1 reverse) manual transmission. The shafts in the box, relative to the longitudinal axis, have a transverse arrangement. This design made it possible to make it more compact, as well as to use cylindrical gears when transmitting rotation to the differential.

From the power plant, using the bevel gear of the clutch main shaft, torque is transmitted to the gearbox. A special locking mechanism completely eliminates gear shifting when the clutch is not completely disengaged.

The T-16 has a semi-independent power take-off shaft, it is located on the left side of the main gear housing. The shaft rotates at a speed of 533 rpm, at rated engine speed. The PTO is driven by the shaft that drives the clutch.

Chassis and control of the T-16 tractor

The chassis includes a frame, front and rear axles, and wheels. The T-16 frame is used for installing various equipment. This is a rigid welded structure, consisting of two longitudinal pipes, left and right, as well as transverse front and rear bars connecting the pipes.

Two bushings are pressed into the hole in the front beam, which serve as support for the swing axis of the bridge. The front axle itself consists of a balancer and two steering knuckles inserted into it. The rear axle is driven.

The wheels of the driving rear axle consist of a profiled rim, a disc and a low-pressure tire. The racks are evenly distributed and welded along the inner diameter of the rim, to which the disc is attached using six bolts. The wheel is attached to the hub using special bolts that are suitable for both front and rear wheels.

To ensure good adhesion of the tread to the surface, it is necessary to ensure correct installation. The arrow on the tire should point forward in the direction of travel.

Steering

The steering on the T-16 can be either mechanical or power-assisted. The steering column of the tractor is mounted with a flange on the rear beam of the frame. With mechanical control, forces from the steering wheel are transmitted to the front wheels using a system of cardan shafts, gears and sectors.

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When steering with hydraulic booster, the force from the steering wheel is transmitted to the dispenser shank, which in turn directs the flow of fluid under pressure from the NSh gear pump into one or another cavity of the hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic cylinder, in turn, acts on the wheels of the front axle through a swing arm.

Links

Wheeled universal self-propelled chassis DSSH-14 • DVSSH-16 • T-16 • SSH-28Tracked agricultural Kommunar • SHTZ-NATI • HTZ-T2G • S-60 • SG-60 • S-65 • SG-65 • S-80 • KD-35 • T-38 • DT-54 • DT-55 • DT-56 • DT-57 • DT-60 • GB-58 • T-54 • T-70 • T-75 • T-74 • DT-75 • T-4A • T-100MGS • T-150 • DT -175 Industrial tracked S-100 • T-108 • T-100 • T-130 • T-140 • D-804 • T-170 • T-180 • T-200 • DET-250 • T-220 • T-330 • T-500 • T-800 Skidding KT-12 • TDT-40 • TDT-55 • TDT-60 • TDT-75 • TT-4 • TST-130 • LT-157Army STZ-5 “Stalinets” • T-154 • MoAZ-541

Excerpt characterizing the T-16 (tractor)

You probably heard about the heroic feat of Raevsky, who hugged his two sons and said: “I will die with them, but we will not waver!” And indeed, although the enemy was twice as strong as us, we did not waver. We spend our time as best we can; but in war, as in war. Princess Alina and Sophie sit with me all day long, and we, unfortunate widows of living husbands, have wonderful conversations over lint; only you, my friend, are missing... etc. Mostly Princess Marya did not understand the full significance of this war because the old prince never talked about it, did not acknowledge it and laughed at Desalles at dinner when he talked about this war. The prince's tone was so calm and confident that Princess Marya, without reasoning, believed him. Throughout the month of July, the old prince was extremely active and even animated. He also laid out a new garden and a new building, a building for the courtyard workers. One thing that bothered Princess Marya was that he slept little and, having changed his habit of sleeping in the study, changed the place of his overnight stays every day. Either he ordered his camp bed to be set up in the gallery, then he remained on the sofa or in the Voltaire chair in the living room and dozed without undressing, while not m lle Bourienne, but the boy Petrusha read to him; then he spent the night in the dining room. On August 1, a second letter was received from Prince Andrei. In the first letter, received shortly after his departure, Prince Andrei humbly asked his father for forgiveness for what he had allowed himself to say to him, and asked him to return his favor to him. The old prince responded to this letter with an affectionate letter and after this letter he alienated the Frenchwoman from himself. Prince Andrei's second letter, written from near Vitebsk, after the French occupied it, consisted of a brief description of the entire campaign with a plan outlined in the letter, and considerations for the further course of the campaign. In this letter, Prince Andrei presented his father with the inconvenience of his position close to the theater of war, on the very line of movement of the troops, and advised him to go to Moscow. At dinner that day, in response to the words of Desalles, who said that, as heard, the French had already entered Vitebsk, the old prince remembered Prince Andrei’s letter. “I received it from Prince Andrei today,” he said to Princess Marya, “didn’t you read it?” “No, mon pere, [father],” the princess answered fearfully. She could not read a letter that she had never even heard of. “He writes about this war,” said the prince with that familiar, contemptuous smile with which he always spoke about the real war. “It must be very interesting,” said Desalles. - The prince is able to know... - Ah, very interesting! - said Mlle Bourienne. “Go and bring it to me,” the old prince turned to Mlle Bourienne. – You know, on a small table under a paperweight. M lle Bourienne jumped up joyfully. “Oh no,” he shouted, frowning. - Come on, Mikhail Ivanovich. Mikhail Ivanovich got up and went into the office. But as soon as he left, the old prince, looking around uneasily, threw down his napkin and went off on his own. “They don’t know how to do anything, they’ll confuse everything.” While he walked, Princess Marya, Desalles, m lle Bourienne and even Nikolushka silently looked at each other. The old prince returned with a hasty step, accompanied by Mikhail Ivanovich, with a letter and a plan, which he, not allowing anyone to read during dinner, placed next to him. Going into the living room, he handed the letter to Princess Marya and, laying out the plan of the new building in front of him, which he fixed his eyes on, ordered her to read it aloud. After reading the letter, Princess Marya looked questioningly at her father. He looked at the plan, obviously lost in thought. - What do you think about this, prince? – Desalles allowed himself to ask a question. - I! I!.. - the prince said, as if awakening unpleasantly, without taking his eyes off the construction plan. - It is quite possible that the theater of war will come so close to us... - Ha ha ha! Theater of war! - said the prince. “I said and say that the theater of war is Poland, and the enemy will never penetrate further than the Neman. Desalles looked with surprise at the prince, who was talking about the Neman, when the enemy was already at the Dnieper; but Princess Marya, who had forgotten the geographical position of the Neman, thought that what her father said was true. - When the snow melts, they will drown in the swamps of Poland. “They just can’t see,” the prince said, apparently thinking about the campaign of 1807, which seemed so recent. - Bennigsen should have entered Prussia earlier, things would have taken a different turn...

Operation of the T-16 tractor: reviews from owners

Why did the T-16 tractor gain such popularity among the population? I think the point is in its main advantage, namely, low cost with good reliability and a wide range of work performed.

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Other advantages include:

Easy to operate; a person without any special skills is quite capable of operating the “chassis”. Maintenance and repair are also not difficult if a person, like a mechanic, is at least familiar with the basics.
Small dimensions allow you to maneuver where a larger tractor cannot turn around.
Good cross-country ability will allow you to pick up or deliver cargo to places where a regular truck cannot go.
Due to the low weight, the soil does not roll down much during agricultural work.
A large selection of attachments makes the machine universal.

The main and almost the only drawback is considered to be the air cooling system of the engine. In winter, it is not possible to start the engine without preheating, and the engine does not have a cold start system.

Let’s read what T-16 owners say about this:

The technique is excellent, although it has many shortcomings, but you can easily correct them yourself. The tractor is perfect for working with a mower; you don’t need to constantly turn your head - everything is in front of your eyes. Hilling up potatoes is also a pleasure; the hiller, located between the axes, works stably between the rows, everything is controlled visually. Shows itself perfectly in the transportation of goods.
I will share my impressions of the tractor. My T-16 does not have any additional attachments; I use it exclusively as a truck. And here the vehicle showed its best side; its excellent cross-country ability makes it irreplaceable where a regular truck cannot pass. Ideal for trips to the forest, firewood, mushrooms, pine cones. You can drive into the deepest thicket.
Personally, I will never purchase such equipment for myself. I consider the disgusting visibility to be a huge disadvantage for myself; if the body is loaded above the sides, then a large dead zone is formed in front. There is also a terrible vibration in the cabin, as if you are riding a jackhammer.