Universal row-crop tractor (MTZ 500)

This article is about a tractor. See the article about the agricultural aircraft here

T-500

- Soviet industrial tractor, produced from 1985 to 2000 at the Cheboksary Tractor Plant.

Designed to perform heavy excavation work: development of frozen and dense rocky soils, rocks and rocks. It is used in open-pit mining, land reclamation, hydraulic engineering and road construction. Has a fuel tank of 900 liters.

Creation and production[ | ]

Developments of the T-500 at the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant as part of a family of promising industrial tractors with a front cab, belonging to different traction classes but maximally unified in the main components and assemblies (initially T-220, T-330 and T-500, and then as planned designers heavier and even wheeled vehicles). The first prototype was assembled in October 1967[1]. Due to the focus of the main efforts on fine-tuning, the T-330 was not developed, but with the construction of the Cheboksary Industrial Tractor Plant, all documentation was transferred to its design bureau, where the machine was brought to mass production. On February 15, 1981, the first prototype of the T-500 rolled off the assembly line of the experimental workshop. In 1984, the first copy of the T-500 of an established design was released[2][3].

In the spring of 1985, a site for the assembly of experimental T-500 tractors was organized on the main conveyor; by the end of the year, production of the T-500 was established in the main workshop. By the end of 1985, 3 machines were manufactured[4]. In 1986, the acceptance committee recommended the T-500 for mass production, and two years later production of the northern modification T-500UHL began. On February 12, 1989, an agreement was signed in Czechoslovakia on testing an export modification of the T-500. The tractor began to be supplied to Yugoslavia, Spain, Australia, Colombia, Venezuela and other countries. In 1991, at an exhibition of construction and road machinery held in Verona, a bulldozer-ripper based on the T-500 tractor was awarded a diploma from the organizing committee.

During pre-serial production, it was decided to abandon the front location of the cab and the mass-produced tractor was released in a classic layout with the engine compartment located in front of the cab.

About the history of the T-800

This model, launched into production at the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant in 1983, was included in the Guinness Book of Records in 1990 as the most productive bulldozer in the world. And even at the end of the 2010s, the T-800 is still included in the “top list of heavyweights”, taking fourth place in the list of the largest and most productive bulldozers in the world. Second only to Caterpillar and Komatsu, in Europe the T-800 remains unsurpassed in power.

Meanwhile, the last tractor of this model was released in 1999. In total, only nine units were produced - all by special order and to perform specific special tasks.

In particular, the new bulldozer-bogatyr (another one) received one of its first “baptisms of fire” at the construction site of the South Ural Nuclear Power Plant. The resource of the American super bulldozer "Intern" working at this site was not enough to clear one of the particularly difficult rocky areas. At the direction of the regional leadership, ChTZ director Nikolai Lozhchenko sent the T-800 there.

Eyewitnesses remember this as a truly epic spectacle: the T-800 rested on the rocks with the tooth of a ripper and rammed them where no other heavy equipment could do anything. Huge pieces of rock scattered to the sides with noise and bright sheaves of sparks. The Ural giant did not need any more advertising. At all sites of the grandiose construction they began to insistently demand it to help them.

The T-800 demonstrated no less impressive results during the reconstruction of the famous Magnitogorsk. He completed the two-week production requirement for the Japanese Komatsu in just one shift.

The next customer for the heavy-duty bulldozer was a diamond mine near the city of Mirny (Yakutia). During blasting operations at the quarry, microcracks appeared on the precious stones, significantly reducing their value. The use of the T-800 made it possible to do without blasting operations. In order to deliver the world's largest bulldozer to the field, the world's largest aircraft, the An-225 Mriya, was required.

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Chelyabinsk airfield "Balandino". "T-800" without attachments before loading into the "Mriya".

The T-800 had good prospects for use in the national economy: in the construction of large reclamation facilities, railways and roads. But they are a thing of the past along with the Soviet Union. The already mentioned South Ural Nuclear Power Plant was one of two dozen (plus eight more in the countries of the “socialist camp”) nuclear power plants, the construction of which was abandoned in the late 80s / early 90s.

Enormous amounts of money were invested in these super-projects, and everything went to waste. The last T-800 bulldozer was manufactured for foreign customers in 1999. Today, the resumption of production of this “super-heavyweight” among bulldozers is hardly possible, since the tractor plant itself in its former form no longer exists in Chelyabinsk.

The Hollywood “namesake” of the super bulldozer is a super robot performed by Arnold.

It’s funny that the same “factory index” was assigned to a fictional cybernetic organism from the film “Terminator” filmed the following year, 1984. The biorobot “T-800” performed by Arnold Schwarzenegger became the “finest hour” in the cinema of this famous athlete. The film itself became extremely popular all over the world, spawning many sequels and imitations. And its main character, the T-800 robot, is one of the most recognizable characters in the history of cinema.

Chassis and tracks[ | ]

The semi-rigid chassis system consists of two tracked bogies pumped on the axles of the final drives. Track, support rollers and idler wheels are lubricated for life with one-time lubrication and self-clamping seals. The tension of the track chain is facilitated by the use of a hydraulic tensioning mechanism installed in conjunction with the release mechanism.

• Link pitch - 250 mm
• The number of shoes is 42, their width is 650 mm
• Grouser height - 90 mm
• Track contact area with ground - 4.7 m2
• In total, the tractor has 14 road wheels and 4 support rollers.

Technical characteristics of "T-800" / "T-75.01" in numbers

• Overall dimensions of the tractor: Length – 7.945 m. Width – 4.185 m. Height – 4.775 m.
• The length of the tractor with bulldozer and loosening equipment is 12.4 m. The width of the tractor with bulldozer and loosening equipment is 6 m. The height of the tractor with bulldozer and loosening equipment is 4.775 m.
• Wheelbase – 6,220 m. Track – 2,880 m.
• Working weight, with bulldozer-loosening equipment - 106 tons (29.5 tons accounted for equipment). The operating weight of the tractor is 76.5 tons.
• Maximum traction force – 140 tons, nominal – 75 tons.
• The speed of the T-800 is 10.6 km/h forward and 14 km/h back.
• The width of the track shoe is 700 or 850 cm. Pitch – 290 mm.
• The number of support rollers on each side is 8, the number of support rollers on each side is 2.
• The number of shoes on one caterpillar is 47.
• The height of the lug is 100 mm.
• Ground pressure with a shoe width of 850 mm: tractor - 0.0914 MPa; tractors with bulldozer and loosening equipment - 0.158 MPa.

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Bulldozer T-500 (technical characteristics)

Torque converter, spare parts for tractor, bulldozer T-500 manufactured by ChZPT

The torque converter is transparent, with a diameter of impellers of 480 mm, maximum transformation ratio K = 3.0 and maximum efficiency = 0.906. Ensures the use of maximum engine torque and its stepless regulation depending on the load on the working parts of the bulldozer.

Final drives for tractors T-500 Cheboksary Tractor Plant

The final drive is two-stage, the 1st stage is external gears, the 2nd stage is planetary (with the carrier stopped). To facilitate easy replacement in the field, the drive sprocket is made of sectors that are secured with bolts.

Transmission, spare parts for tractor T-500 Cheboksary Tractor Plant

The transmission is hydromechanical and consists of a six-shaft, three-speed, fully reversible, double-sided gearbox with constant clutch helical gears, hydraulically pressed disk clutches for gears and a reverse mechanism, a system of hydraulically controlled reverse stop brakes for each side, structurally combined in one autonomous gearbox unit. The gearbox provides a bifurcation of the power flow to the drive wheels, which allows you to turn the tractor on the spot due to different directions of movement of the tracks.

Spare parts, chassis system of T-500 tractors from the ChZPT tractor plant

The semi-rigid running system of the T-500 bulldozer of the Cheboksary tractor plant ChZPT consists of two tracked bogies pumped on the axles of the final drives. Support, support rollers and idler wheels with one-time lubrication for the entire service life with self-moving seals of the “DUO-CONE” type. The tension of the tracks is facilitated by the use of a hydraulic tension mechanism installed in conjunction with the release mechanism. Number of support rollers of the chassis system: 14 (7 rollers on each side). Number of support rollers of the chassis system: 4 (2 on each side).

Spare parts, tracks for the T-500 tractor Cheboksary Tractor Plant

Tracks with joints sealed and lubricated for the entire life of the bulldozer, with a detachable closing link of the track.

Hydraulic system for tractors, bulldozers T-500 manufactured by ChZPT

Cabin, spare parts for tractors T-500 Cheboksary Tractor Plant

The cabin is single, mounted on rubber shock absorbers. Sound-absorbing upholstery, large, providing maximum visibility, glass area with double-glazed windows that prevent glass from icing, a sprung seat, adjustable to the individual weight and height of the operator, a ventilation unit with a hot air heater, provide the operator with comfortable working conditions on the tractor.

Bulldozer equipment for T-500 tractors from the ChZPT tractor plant

Ripping equipment, spare parts for tractors, bulldozers T-500

Tanks, spare parts for T-500 tractors from the Cheboksary Tractor Plant

Technical characteristics and dimensions of bulldozers, T-500 tractors

Bulldozer movement speeds, forward/backward, km/h:
— 1st gear: 4.0/3.3 — 2nd gear: 7.2/6.0 — 3rd gear: 3.0/11.4
Tractor weight, kg:
41,800
Operating tractor weight, kg:
59,455
Specific ground pressure, kgf/cm2:
1.324

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The device of the bulldozer "T-800"

A modernized frame was developed especially for this bulldozer model, and the elastic suspension of the chassis, with torsion bar sealing modified for ease of repair, ensures maximum smoothness and consistently high operating speeds.

“T-800” is equipped with a hydromechanical transmission, which includes a cardan transmission, a 3-wheel single-stage torque converter and a module consisting of a turn, a 3-shaft gearbox, a bevel gear and stopping brakes.

The gearbox on the bulldozer provides 2 reverse gears and 4 forward gears. Due to the fact that the disc clutches of the turning mechanisms, gearboxes and stopping brakes of the equipment operate in oil, they do not require adjustment.

The rotation control in the T-800 is carried out using two levers located on the control panel. You can turn on the pedals while the engine is running by pressing the stopping brake pedal. The bulldozer also has automatic braking when the engine suddenly stops.

Showman Sergei Stillavin, who arrived at ChTZ to film a test drive of the T-34 tank, did not deny himself the pleasure of climbing onto the T-800 bulldozer.

The T-800 is equipped with a torsion-bar elastic suspension, supplemented by individual suspension for each of the road wheels. Thanks to the installation of lubricated tracks in the model, which are of the closed type (the shoes (tracks) of the tracks have closed-type hinges), the service life of this element is significantly increased.

The use of elastic elastic suspension of rollers with damping elements and rocking of tracked bogies is intended to reduce the impact loads on the tractor frame and on the drivetrain when working with bulldozer-loosening equipment on rocky and frozen soils. In addition, elastic suspensions of the rollers make it possible to increase the contact surface of the caterpillar with the ground when driving on uneven surfaces, which, in turn, increases the traction characteristics of heavy T-800 vehicles.

The bulldozer has a separate-unit, 2-stage hydraulic system with gear-type pumps. When the control lever is in neutral position, they are unloaded with attachments. "T-800" has separate regulators-selectors for bulldozer and ripper equipment. The full flow filter is installed on the drain line in the hydraulic tank.

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Volume of technological tanks "T-800": fuel tank - 2050 liters; cooling system – 383 liters; engine lubrication system – 225 liters; gearbox and rear axle - 200 liters.

The electrical equipment of the T-800 bulldozer includes four batteries and a 3.5 kW generator. The nominal power of electrical equipment is 17 Volts.