Design and repair of cardan transmission GAZ-66, GAZ-53

How much oil is in the box Gas 53

Transfer to GAZ-53

The GAZ-53 truck is perhaps the only vehicle that has not been produced for 20 years, but still works with most people and companies. This is all down to the quality of the build and parts used to create the individual components of the truck.

It looks like a unique GAZ 53

The graph field is constructed like this. The front end of the input shaft is fixed in the bearing of the engine crankshaft, the rear end of the shaft is connected to the output shaft by a needle bearing.

The intermediate shaft transmits all movements to the output shaft depending on the speed involved, the gear ratio and, accordingly, the speed at which the car is moving. The fourth gear is direct; in this gear, the clutch connects the primary and secondary shafts.

example Gearboxes for GAZ-53

From the output shaft, through the drive shaft, the movement moves to the rear axle, which turns the rear wheels.

Creation of the GAZ 53 checkpoint

The first numbers of GAZ 53 (with the index “F”) have a six-cylinder engine and a rear axle. The gearbox was also taken from the 51, but modernized. It should be noted that replacing the GAZ 53 gearbox with a GAZ 51, but this does not always make sense. The fifty-first box has different gear ratios. In addition, it is designed for a less powerful engine and a smaller payload.

Due to the fact that the production of the GAZ 53F was discontinued in 1967, the old modification was replaced by the improved GAZ 53A.

This car was already equipped with a powerful V-8 engine, so we had to build a new model rear axle and improve the checkpoint.

Example of a GAZ 53F truck

Previous editions of the transmission featured third and fourth synchronizer gears that were intended to equalize gear timing, but later versions removed the synchronizer units as redundant. All that remains is the replacement coupling. A gearbox without synchronizers began to be used on the GAZ 3307.

GAZ-53 gearbox diagram

Here we will talk about the gearbox of the famous GAZ 53 truck.

Design and diagram of a gearbox from a GAZ 53 truck.

The transmission of this truck has four forward speeds and one reverse. It is mechanical and consists of three shafts: main, drive, and intermediate. GAZ 53 has a three-speed gearbox.

Thanks to the gearbox, you can shift the engine torque to the drive wheels , the traction force changes. If necessary, you can use the gearbox to stop the transmission of these revolutions to the drive wheels. This corresponds to the neutral position of the gear lever.

Position of the gearbox GAZ-53A car.

GAS 53 Technical data

Trucks GAS 53A and GAS 53 12 have the following technical characteristics:

Box type. mechanical;
Type based on gearshift lever position. trilateral;
Number of forward gears. 4;
Number of reverse gears. 1;
Weight. 56 kg;
Fuel capacity. 3 l.

Check (replace) the oil of the main gearbox GAZ-53, GAZ-3307.

Checking the oil

or replacing the rear axle, final drive of
GAZ 53
, GAZ-3307 and their families.

+ Change oil for GAZ-66

Main channel here.

Schematic diagram of the drive shaft

In order for the car to develop at high speeds at low engine speeds, gears with different numbers of teeth are installed on the driven shaft.

In fourth gear No matter how much the engine rotates, at such speeds they also move the drive wheels . But these are all general concepts common to almost all manual transmissions.

GAZ 53 transmission malfunction

symptoms

You can judge whether the gearbox is faulty by the following signs:

noise in the gearbox;
speeds are not turned on at all or with great difficulty;
one of the speeds does not turn on;
failure due to one or more speeds;
There is a rattle in one or more gears while driving;
the speed is not turned off and the car moves in only one gear. The gear shift lever does not shift to neutral.

Causes of malfunction

insufficient or no oil in the gearbox;
violation of transmission operating rules;
natural wear and tear of parts;
manufacturing defect of a part or assembly;
The gearbox continued to operate in difficult conditions.

Noises and rattles during transmission

Transmission noise may vary in different operating modes.

Gear shift mechanism GAZ 53 A.

For example, if the clutch is noisy in neutral, it is more likely that the transmission input shaft bearing is worn. A noise or rattling noise while driving at one of the speeds indicates that the gears in that transmission are broken or worn. Speed noise may be caused by the countershaft.

Noise in fourth speed may indicate wear on the input shaft or the bearings on the input and output shafts.

Transmission noise in all modes may be due to a lack of oil in it.

The exact cause of the noise can only be determined by opening a test point. It should be noted that the malfunction is not always easy to determine visually, so the parts must be checked very carefully. Particular attention should be paid to parts that are directly related to noisy transmission.

It looks like a GAZ 53 gearbox

Poor gear shifting

Very often the cause of poor transmission is a failure of the GAS 53 clutch, not the transmission. First of all, you need to check the clutch parts and make sure that the pedal is released correctly. The box cannot be engaged or engaged in third and fourth gears through 3-4 clutches or synchronizers. Lack of oil in the gearbox will also make shifting difficult.

The speed will not work properly if the gear shift mechanism located in the gear lever cover is faulty. The cause may be wear on the rod. The springs in the mechanism may also be broken.

Transfer failures

A gear (or several gears) most often comes off for one of the following reasons. The first one is quite familiar. When the shift lever wears out (1-2, 3-4 or reverse), the gear is cut out and the transmission fails.

Where is the drive shaft of the box?

The GAZ-53 has a gearbox drive shaft with the front part at the end of the crankshaft. The rear end is fixed to the crankcase, which is made of cast iron.

The roller bearing is mounted on the end of the drive shaft, on which the front end of the driven shaft is mounted, and the rear is supported by a ball bearing. Gear drives for 1st, 2nd and 3rd gears are mounted on the driven shaft, as well as a synchronizer, which is used to silently and smoothly connect pairs of gears.

GAZ 53 car transmission

Gearbox repair

Gearbox repairs should be entrusted to specialists; experienced craftsmen are well aware of the intricacies of their work. But box is not very difficult to repair, and you can fix it yourself if you want. Now buying spare parts for the Lawn box is not a problem. They can be found in almost any specialized car dealership, and their prices are reasonable.

You can save money by purchasing a used transmission yourself. All you need to do is agree with the seller about the possibility of returning the box in case of malfunction. At one time, many cars were produced with GAZ 53 and GAZ 3307 cars; used gearboxes were often sold and could be easily purchased. Moreover, their prices are sometimes simply ridiculous. By the way, the checkpoint on the GAZ 66 is exactly identical to the “53” box, and they are completely interchangeable. Therefore, the ad can be viewed on the 66th model.

Story

The trucks, which were among the first to be assembled and designated “F”, were equipped with six-cylinder power units, as well as a rear axle from the GAZ-51 model. The transmission was also taken from this car, but they were previously modernized. It must be said that, if necessary, you can change the GAZ-53 gearbox to a GAZ-51. But such a replacement does not always make sense. The transmission that was installed on the GAZ-51 had different gear ratios and was created to work with lower-power engines.

Read more: Lada x ray how much horsepower

In early batches of the GAZ-53, the gearbox was equipped with synchronizers, which were supposed to make shifting smoother. In later versions, it was decided to abandon this - engineers began to consider them archaic.

Gearbox repair

In fact, it is not difficult to repair the box, but a professional will do it faster. Self-repair is also possible if spare parts are available. GAZ-53 is a very repairable car. Finding spare parts for it is now not a problem, and you can buy them in the markets at an affordable price.

The plant produced many transmissions for these cars. Therefore, finding a used unit will not be difficult. Prices for units are affordable. You can also install a transmission from a GAZ-63 truck. It is completely identical and interchangeable.

The GAZ-53 truck is perhaps the only car that has not been produced for 20 years, but is still in use by most people and enterprises. This is all thanks to the high-quality assembly and the parts used from which the individual components of the truck were created.

This is what the original GAZ 53 looks like

The gearbox diagram is constructed as follows. The front end of the input shaft is fixed in the bearing of the engine crankshaft, the rear end of the shaft is connected to the secondary shaft through a needle bearing.

The intermediate shaft transmits all movements to the secondary shaft; depending on the selected speed, the gear ratio changes and, accordingly, the speed at which the car moves. The fourth gear is direct; in this gear, the clutch connects the primary and secondary shafts.

Example of a gearbox for GAZ-53

Signs of transmission failure

On a GAZ-53, the gearbox rarely fails. Malfunctions can be identified by certain signs. Breakdowns are accompanied by noise and extraneous sounds when the unit is operating.

Malfunctions will be indicated by noise near the place where the unit is installed. Sometimes the transmission cannot be switched on. And if it turns out that serious effort is required, this is also a sign of breakdown. If any gear does not work and does not engage, the speed drops, it is worth inspecting the transmission in more detail. Also, noise during movement indicates a breakdown. Often on the GAZ-53 the gearbox did not allow the lever to be moved to neutral. Because of this, it was impossible to turn off the transmission.