Rotary mower-conditioner (Kuhn FC)

The Meshchera E-403 self-propelled mower-conditioner was developed on the basis of the E-303 and E-304 Fortschritt mowers, which were previously widely used in agricultural enterprises of the USSR.

A video about the operation of the Meshchera E-403 SKP with various attachments can be viewed here

The new machine has absorbed all the best from its prototype: simplicity of design, reliability, maneuverability on the field when operating in any soil and climatic conditions and ease of repairs on its own, without the involvement of expensive service specialists.

The Meshchera E-403 SKP is equipped with a cabin with panoramic glazing that fully complies with Russian standards. The cabin air conditioner has several modes and creates comfortable conditions in the operator’s workplace. The driver's seat is equipped with armrests and a headrest, a shock absorber and an adjustment device depending on the weight of the operator, which allows the operator to set up his workplace with maximum ergonomics.

The steering column has the ability to adjust the steering wheel in height and tilt, which provides the operator with additional convenience. The electronic instrument unit installed in the steering column differs from analogues in its information content and is ready at any time to prompt the operator with an audible signal (buzzer) about the occurrence of an emergency situation.

Unlike prototypes, Meshchera E-403 does not have control levers. All of them have been replaced with multifunctional control joysticks. Switching on the gearbox speeds, clutch and switching on the reversible gearbox of the attachment drive is carried out by multi-position pneumatic cylinders, which makes it possible to carry out these actions with one press of the joystick button.

The Meshchera E-403 self-propelled mower is equipped with a D-245.5 diesel engine with a power of 65 kW, which is well known to consumers for its simplicity and reliability.

The machine’s hydraulics are designed using a dual-circuit system: the steering and actuators (variator and lifting device) are powered separately from two different pumps. This approach ensures safety and stability of the steering in any mode of operation of the mower.

The attachments used on the Meshchera E-403 mower are distinguished by their reliability and simplicity of design. The flattening unit and the header are easily assembled onto the mower by a machine operator without outside help. SKP "Meshchera E-403" can be aggregated with 4 modifications of grass headers (SH-025, SH-023, E-025, E-023), with the SH-309 grain roller header, as well as with the E-318 windrower.

All these qualities of the Meshchera E-403 self-propelled mower-conditioner make it possible to use it for mowing green annual and perennial grasses while simultaneously laying the cut mass in a windrow or spreading it on stubble. The mower is capable of working on slopes up to 120°.

More grip - higher productivity

9G - 1.6 - a universal model in the line of Chinese console mowers with a working width from 140 to 210 cm.

The device is mounted frontally with mini tractors with a capacity of 15 - 25 hp. With. to the three-point linkage and is displayed to the right of the operator. This arrangement prevents the bevel from being trampled by wheels.

The cutting apparatus of a horse-drawn mower - a console with vibrating blades and fixed sectors - operates from the tractor power take-off shaft at 540 rpm using a cardan shaft and a belt drive to an eccentric pulley.

Compared to previous models, 9G - 1.6 has an increased cutting blade length - 1600 mm. This had a positive effect on the performance of the machine itself and the mowing:

1. Mow 0.8-1.5 hectares per hour at an optimal speed of 6 - 10 km/h.
2. Using the hydraulic distributor handle, you can adjust the grass cutting height within 5 - 8 cm, and also fix the console in one of two positions - working or transport.
3. During operation, the dimensions of the mower are 2400*670*660 mm. With a grip of 1600 mm, it is possible to efficiently process a fairly large area in one work shift.
4. If you need to transport equipment to another site, no problem: a segment mower weighing 125 kg is easily mounted in a small unit - 880 * 670 * 1850 mm.

Device

Operational efficiency occurs due to the main elements:

1. A self-propelled chassis that is powered by a diesel engine located in a comfortable cabin. The control unit with the operator's seat is located in the same place.
2. For drive mechanisms to the header hitch, replaceable adapters are used to use different connections.
3. To carry out the initial processing of grass, a flattening apparatus is provided.
4. The mown mass is laid using a swath-forming device, which provides variations in width: regular - up to 1.8 meters, wide - up to 3.5 meters, in addition there are special shields that resemble a double roller.

Diverse tasks are performed through the use of several different units, which are used as a device for the model. Among them you can find a regular header of the E-023 brand, or a header designed for processing grain crops, it is equipped with an original roller marking E-309, and cannot do without a windrower type E-318.

Features of the design operation

Photo No. 1

Photo No. 2

Photo No. 3 Rear view

Photo No. 4 Mower header

The front part of the self-propelled chassis is occupied by a conditioner; it is necessary for making hay from hard-stem crops. The conditioner consists of two interlocking drums on which straight ribs are located.

The pressure between the drums can be adjusted using a tension spring. This is necessary to select the thickness of the layer of grass that is fed to the conditioner when mowed. The use of a fingerless segment header is intended for mowing the crop and further flattening it. The mown grass enters the conditioner thanks to the installed auger. This unit is used on different grasses and during mowing, two headers are used that have different working widths: E023, E025.

The use of two segment headers on the E303 design was used to work with soft crops. The use of conditioners in this case is not necessary. The marking of one of the headers is E31B. The presence of a one-way auger is considered an important feature, which forms a swath of grass to the left of the unit. The second header, intended for soft grasses, is marked E701. The windrow is knocked down in the center of the header thanks to the operation of a double-sided auger. Its subsequent output is located under the self-propelled chassis.

Technical specifications

• the cut has a minimum setting value of 50 millimeters;
• the engine has a power of 64 l/s;
• the operating speed is 10 km/h, for transport it is 22 km/h;
• the mower has a base of 3000 millimeters;
• driving wheels with a track of 2700 millimeters;
• the track on the steered wheels is 2410 millimeters;
• under the racks the transport clearance is 240 millimeters, for the steered wheels located under the bridge the transport clearance is 750 mm; ·
• The fuel tank capacity is 122 liters;
• in the working position, the overall dimensions together with the E-025B grade body have dimensions of 6200x5690 millimeters;
• The country of origin is Germany.

Reviews

E-303

Technical characteristics of the self-propelled mower-conditioner E-303:

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This Soviet-made self-propelled conditioner still works regularly in the fields of the CIS countries as part of technological complexes for harvesting hay and harvesting grain using a separate method.

The machine has two PTOs and can be equipped with headers E-023, E-25 - for mowing grass and E-309 - for mowing grain crops. And also for raking and moving mown green mass, dried green fodder, silage, hay and straw, as well as for doubling and aligning windrows, the mower is equipped with an E-318 windrower.

Self-propelled mower conditioner PS 5m

VII.3.
MACHINES FOR MOWING PLANTS Self-propelled mower-conditioner KPS-5B

Designed for mowing seeded grass with simultaneous flattening of the stems of mowed plants and laying them on the stubble in a windrow. Without conditioner rollers, the mower conditioner can be used as a windrower for cutting grass and grain crops.

KPS-5B consists of a self-propelled chassis 6 (Fig. VII.5), a header 3, a flattening device 8 and a swath-forming device 7. A D-240 diesel engine with a power of 59 kW is installed to drive the working parts. The chassis can be used as a power source for working with grain roller headers ZhVN-6A-01, ZhS-6, ZhVR-10-03, grain bean header ZhSK-4.2 and windrower KPS-5.70.000.

During operation, header 3 rests on the ground with its shoes. It is connected to the chassis through a lifting mechanism, which includes two hydraulic cylinders for raising and lowering the header, controlled from the cab. When traveling long distances, the header is disconnected from the chassis and installed on a trolley attached to the self-propelled part. The header body is equipped with a cutting device 10, a reel 1, an auger 4 and dividers 11.

The segment-finger cutting apparatus 10 is composed of two finger bars, the knives of which move in opposite directions during operation. Segments with notched cutting edges are riveted to the backs of the knives. Each knife is driven by a swashplate mechanism. Crosses are attached to the reel shaft, and to their ends are bars and tubular rakes with spring teeth. The left ends of the rakes are equipped with brackets with spikes for rotating rollers. The left side of the header (along the way) is equipped with a profile track along which the rollers move, thereby changing the angle of inclination of the spring teeth.

Auger 4 is a pipe with right and left turns of tapes, which move the mown mass to the middle of the header and feed it to the flattening apparatus. By moving the auger in height, the distance between the turns and the bottom of the header is changed depending on the yield of the herbs being harvested.

The flattening apparatus 8 has upper and lower ribbed rollers arranged so that the ribs of one roller fit in the middle between the ribs of the other. The windrow-forming device 7 consists of left and right hinged shields made of sheet iron. Depending on the opening width of the flaps, the flattened grass is placed in a windrow or spread behind the machine.

Kp-500

Technical indicators and parameters of the mower-conditioner KP-500:

The KP-500 can easily cope with mowing tall seeded and natural grass reaching 1.5 meters in height. It is capable of automatically copying the terrain of the territory in which work is carried out in the following ranges:

• in the longitudinal direction: ± 15 centimeters;
• in the transverse direction: ± 20 centimeters.

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Such equipment can be used in any area except mountains. If there are large stones on the work surface, they must be removed before starting work.

To assemble this mounted mower-conditioner, you need a self-propelled device, for example a KSU-1 machine on a self-propelled ShS-150 chassis.

Gearbox-4.2

Parameters and indicators of the trailed mower-conditioner KPP-4.2:

The equipment is used for cutting grass, then flattening it and laying it on stubble. Instead of flattening, you can select windrowing mode.

The equipment is equipped with a finger-type cutting apparatus. This mechanism makes it possible to use the machine for mowing vegetation for the second and subsequent cuts.

The fluffed windrow ensures rapid evaporation of excess liquid, which helps reduce the time spent preparing feed for livestock.

Mower conditioner Fortschritt E-303

A variety of techniques were used to prepare each type of feed. Special combines were used for silage and haylage, and mowers were mainly used for hay. Moreover, such units as mowers were of two types: trailed and mounted, mounted with tractors, and self-propelled mowers.

There weren't that many self-propelled mowers, but they were still produced. Especially valued on farms were Fortschritt E303 mower-conditioners made in the GDR. These German mowers were mainly supplied to Soviet countries. But after the unification of the GDR with the Federal Republic of Germany, the Fortschritt brand gradually disappeared, unable to compete with Western brands. But Fortschritt products, in particular the E303 mower-conditioners, continue to work today.

Advantages and disadvantages

The Fortschritt E303 mower conditioner was intended for mowing hard-stemmed crops and then flattening the stem for faster drying of the hay and knocking down the mown grass from the windrow. In addition, this self-propelled unit could be used for mowing grain crops to the “dump” during separate harvesting.

The advantages of Fortschritt E-303 were enough:

• The powerful power plant made it possible to use reapers and mowers with a wide grip on the E303;
• Replaceable working units made it possible to use this self-propelled device to perform several types of work;
• Structurally, the Fortschritt E303 was not a complicated device, which ensured reliability and easy maintainability;
• In addition to the self-propelled chassis and header, the design of the E303 also included several types of windrowers that made it possible to form swaths of cut crops to meet specific requirements.

The lineup

A segment mower must be suitable for a specific tractor model, because the operating mechanism of tractors differs significantly. This applies not only to the size of the tractor, but also to its brand. There are quite a few models of mowers, among them:

• Inexpensive devices made in China - they are especially loved by summer residents and gardeners for their compact size. Soviet tractors with appropriate traction are quite suitable for them.
• Model for a tractor produced by the Russian company Bobruiskagromash. It works with a tractor equipped with a rotation transmission unit from the engine to the attachment. Its operation is activated by the shaft of this unit.
• The three-beam KP-F-6 is distinguished by its large dimensions. It is most often used by farmers in the fields. Mowing is done in even strips, with the grass neatly laid out in rows, which makes it much easier to collect.
• Segment mowers KS-F-2.1 are suitable for mini-tractors and walk-behind tractors. They are produced in Lyubertsy.

Features of operation

When preparing the mechanism for operation, it is necessary to fix the longitudinal rods on the tractor hitch. In this case, the mower frame will not move to the sides from the center of the tractor.

The rules for operating a segment mower require compliance with protective measures:

• the cutting apparatus must be protected by a casing;
• the power take-off shaft must be activated simultaneously with the machine stopping;
• any repair work on the mower, especially on the cutting parts, must be carried out with the tractor completely stopped and its engine turned off;
• The mower is transported with a protective shield installed on the cutting teeth.

Advantages and disadvantages

In addition to the ability to be used in any weather conditions, KSF-2.1 segment mowers have a number of other advantages for which they are valued by many business owners:

• High productivity achieved by relatively high operating speed and large simultaneous grip width - more than 2 meters.
• The light weight of this mowing attachment allows it to be used even on small types of transport equipment.
• The low energy consumption of the device will help save money and does not affect the increase in the cost of hay with a decrease in harvest volumes.
• Simple control without hydraulic connection does not require additional maintenance personnel other than the tractor operator.
• Cost-effectiveness of purchasing the device itself and spare parts for it, available everywhere.
• High-quality work at high speed and long service life - by the end of the operating period, it will be enough to change the cutting blade, and the mower will be ready for the mowing season again.

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ATTENTION! The disadvantage of the device is its demands on the cleanliness of the treated area, since stones, wood or metal objects getting into the canvas can damage it (breakage of segments, etc.).

Advantages and disadvantages of the model

The E-303 mower was made to make it convenient to process hard-stemmed crops and flatten the stems. After this, the hay dries faster and the mown grass is knocked down. With separate harvesting, the self-propelled unit is used for harvesting grain crops.

The advantages of the unit are as follows:

• the machine is equipped with a powerful power unit, which has a wide grip for the reaper and mower;
• the self-propelled device is designed to perform several jobs simultaneously;
• the design lends itself to easy and reliable maintainability;
• The model consists of several types of windrowers, thanks to which windrows are formed according to certain requirements.

The disadvantage of the device is that it is used for a specific purpose. The model is intended only for harvesting stem crops.

Advantages and disadvantages of a segment mower

One of the main advantages is the ability to work in any conditions. Segmented equipment copes well with wet and dry grass; restrictions can only be on the side of the tractor's cross-country ability. Advantages:

• fast and high-quality grass cutting without crushing it;
• high performance;
• cutting grass of any type;
• lack of hydraulics;
• the ability to attach to self-propelled and manual agricultural equipment.

Among the shortcomings of which the device has few, it should be noted:

• demands on the cleanliness of the area (no solid objects);
• more labor-intensive maintenance process;
• greater weight and dimensions in comparison with a rotary one for the same model of tractor.

Any type of cultivator is a significant relief of labor during agricultural work. To select a particular device, you need to read the description of the models, which contains a list of the types of special equipment used and the power. Factors that will influence the purchase: the type of vegetation to be mowed, the area and topography of the site, the purpose of mowing and the cost of equipment.

Advantages and disadvantages of the model

The E-303 mower was made to make it convenient to process hard-stemmed crops and flatten the stems. After this, the hay dries faster and the mown grass is knocked down. With separate harvesting, the self-propelled unit is used for harvesting grain crops.

The advantages of the unit are as follows:

• the machine is equipped with a powerful power unit, which has a wide grip for the reaper and mower;
• the self-propelled device is designed to perform several jobs simultaneously;
• the design lends itself to easy and reliable maintainability;
• The model consists of several types of windrowers, thanks to which windrows are formed according to certain requirements.

The disadvantage of the device is that it is used for a specific purpose. The model is intended only for harvesting stem crops.

Technical characteristics of the segment mower

The main indicators are presented in the table:

The cost of the devices is not so high compared to the benefits they can bring:

• heavy unproductive manual labor is eliminated;
• the cost per unit of production is reduced several times;
• Product losses in the field are reduced by laying the mowing in rows.

Rotary mower conditioner KP-2.4V technical specifications of the model

The table shows the main technical indicators, which are presented in more detail below.

The rotary mower conditioner KP-2.4V is available with a working width of 2.4 meters. The design uses a gear drive of the rotors. A belt drive for the beater shaft is installed.

The rotary mower conditioner KP-2.4V video, the capabilities of which can be viewed at the end of the publication, is equipped with a stepless cutting bar. The design does not provide for the use of a support shoe. In this case, the manufacturer managed to achieve a cutting height in the range of 40-70 mm. Today this is the minimum cutting distance in this category of equipment.

As a result, electrical energy consumption has been reduced by 15% per ton of product.

The speed of the cutting devices is amazing, amounting to 3000 revolutions per minute. This makes it possible to cut greenery at high speed, reaching up to 80 meters per second. This ensures:

• ease of work;
• quality of mowed grass;
• the root system of the plants remains intact.

Speaking about the technical side, we note that all rotors are equipped with safety devices. Made from high quality steel. This allows us to talk about their durability and the possibility of maintenance in the field.

In this case, there is no need to disengage the PTO if there are obstacles along the route, or if necessary, make a turn.

We need to stop and talk in more detail about the blades used in the mower. The cutting strip of which ensures the safety of mowing work. The durable cutting edge remains sharp for a long period of time. If accidentally hit, it may become deformed, but does not break. The KP-2.4 mower interacts perfectly with tractors of the 1.4 t class.

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