Combined road vehicle based on the KamAZ-65115 dump truck

With the onset of winter snowfalls, the issue of meeting the deadlines for eliminating “winter slipperiness” becomes very relevant. After all, on the one hand, there is a specific standard that road services must meet, and on the other hand, the appearance of “snow and ice deposits” on the highway immediately reduces the productivity of commercial vehicles by 30–40%, and the accident rate increases by 25–30%. The risk of getting into an accident when driving on ice increases, according to the traffic police, by 8–10 times, and when driving on snowy surfaces – by 3–4 times.

KDM at the center of snow removal technologies

Indeed, the deadlines for eliminating the consequences of snowfall, enshrined in GOST R 50597–93, are strict. Large, city-wide streets, for example, must be cleared of “winter slipperiness” within 4 hours, and the countdown begins from the moment this slipperiness is detected. During snowfalls, snow removal must be carried out within the same 4 hours, and the start of work is the cessation of snowfall.

A little more time is given to restore order on streets and local roads - up to 6 hours. But still, on highways and small roads in residential areas of cities, without special equipment today, one does not have to think about complying with the adopted standards.

In Industry Standards No. 218.014-99, which should guide federal and territorial road authorities in matters of winter maintenance of roads, it is determined that, for example, for the maintenance of 100 km of 2-lane road, with a carriageway width of up to 7.5 m, related to roads Category I or highways, it is necessary for road services to have at least four combined road vehicles (CRMs) at their disposal, equipped with various interchangeable equipment, primarily, of course, dumps of various types. It is recommended to have single moldboard plows, side and middle moldboards, and cylindrical brushes. In total, to maintain 100 km of road in proper condition in winter, road workers need to have 14 units. various equipment.

The required number of snow removal machines is determined by the snow removal technology. It is recommended that the thickness of snow accumulation on the roadway, in the intervals between passes of patrol snowplows, should not exceed 5 cm for local roads and 3 cm for national, regional and regional roads. This requirement is not accidental: when loose snow accumulates over 5 cm, the speed of traffic flow drops significantly, a “snow roll” is formed, and it further harms normal traffic on the road.

All-season is a very useful quality

The less seasonal downtime of harvesting equipment, the more optimal the cost of its ownership and operation. But not all machines can be used in winter as effectively as in summer. A typical example is vacuum cleaning equipment, the use of which in winter is very limited. However, all-season vacuum sweepers suitable for snow removal do exist. ISKUB LLC, the official representative of DULEVO International in the Russian Federation, supplies DULEVO vacuum sweepers with a combined vacuum-mechanical picking method, equipped with a high-speed conveyor. Loose dry or wet snow along with water is quite a common task for the DULEVO 5000 Evolution and 200 Quattro series machines. These machines can not push snow to the side, but collect it from the road surface into its own bunker. The ability to work at any temperature, compact dimensions, impressive capacity (2.5 and 5 m3, and from 2020 new models of the Revolution series with 3 and 6 m3) and excellent maneuverability distinguish DULEVO from other vacuum machines. DULEVO equipment will remove and remove snow from places inaccessible to snow loaders and will cope with cleaning on sidewalks and parking lots without forming banks on the roadsides, and will remove melt water. A hydraulic lift makes it possible to unload the bunker into a dump truck or snow melting plant. In addition, you can use a snow blade, a winter cylindrical brush and a mounted reagent distributor.

In Russia today there are many enterprises producing CDM. Among the most notable are the Kemerovo Experimental Mechanical Repair Plant (KORMZ) , known for its DMK series of machines, as well as mounted blades, brushes and the SP-010 rotary snow blower. Arzamas "Kommash" with a dozen models produced by KDM series KO and attachments for machines of its own production is among the industry leaders. These include Kurgandormash , which offers our public utilities 15 models of combined machines of the MD series, designed for year-round operation. Smolensk SAAZ , which created combined machines of the MDK and SDK series on the ZIL chassis, equips them with distributors for liquid and solid reagents, as well as various types of dumps, developed together with SAAZ designers. The Ryazhsky Automobile Repair Plant assembles about 20 models of combined vehicles of the MKDS series, which use KamAZ, MAZ, ZIL, and AMUR chassis. Among the machines offered to Russian buyers, there are 4 models equipped with hook lifts and working with interchangeable bodies. A young enterprise from the Chelyabinsk region. "UralSpetsTrans" has also mastered the production of a large list of machines for road maintenance - these are the KDM series VMKD, as well as the MD-651, -551, MD-651 machines that have already earned popularity among road services and public utilities. The plant created an original TGM-3A-01 machine based on the Ural-43203, designed to remove ice using thermal effects on ice.

The increase in the need for road services for KDM has long been predicted in Moscow. Today this enterprise is perhaps one of the most progressive in the industry: Kominvest-AKMT offers a very large selection of combined machines, equipped with mounted units and superstructures created by domestic enterprises, as well as leading machine builders from Denmark, Norway, Finland, and the model range is constantly updated , is being modernized. As a production base, the company mainly uses the facilities of the Tosnensky Mechanical Plant (ToMeZ) , owned by Kominvest-AKMT since 2011. Now ToMeZ can offer almost any analogue of imported equipment in the Kominvest-AKMT line. All products of ToMeZ OJSC are certified ISO 9001:2008.

At CJSC Kominvest-AKMT, taking into account the real economic situation in which not all enterprises can afford imported equipment, KDM models based on the domestic KamAZ-65115, KamAZ-43605 chassis, various modifications of the MAZ chassis, and ZiL. Attachable units installed on the KDM chassis are manufactured in the workshops of OJSC ToMeZ.

ToMeZ mounted implements are practically not inferior in performance to their foreign analogues, but are much cheaper than them. This also applies to various types of blades, distributors and brush equipment. Cominvest-AKMT clients are also offered ready-made sets of mounted tools for snow removal, which can be easily installed on those trucks that the buyer has.

Among the offered KDM are machines mod. MKDU-1, -2, -3, -4, -6, -7, -10, MDK-4380, -5337, and the model range is increasing. Models differ in the brand of chassis, types and types of installed attachments, and performance. Thus, the Sokol KDM belongs to the category of the most effective machines for winter road maintenance. A special feature of the Sokol design, which uses the KamAZ-65115 chassis with a capacity of up to 16 tons, is the possibility of using replaceable superstructures: bodies, tanks, containers. To remove/install a replacement body, ToMeZ has developed a special hook lift of the MGK-10 multilift type.

Combined road vehicles (KRM)

Combined road vehicles (CRM) are designed for all-season use in maintaining city roads with asphalt and concrete surfaces. In the summer, the machines are used with watering equipment for washing and watering road surfaces, washing trough strips and watering green spaces. In winter, the machines are used with sand-spreading equipment to sprinkle inert materials or deicing agents on the surface of sidewalks and roads, as well as to clean the road surface from freshly fallen snow using plow and brush equipment. The equipment includes: a tank, a body with a conveyor and spreading disc, a centrifugal pump with a power take-off, a plow with a linkage system, a hydraulically driven brush, a hydraulic system and electrical equipment.

Today, imports still set guidelines

And yet, despite the successes of the Russian industry in the production of snow removal equipment, to clear large areas in the shortest possible time, to use expensive superstructures literally “stuffed” with electronics, Kominvest-AKMT specialists recommend purchasing KDM based on more reliable imported chassis from MAN companies , Volvo, Scania. In combination with branded tractors, attachments of European brands bring the optimal effect, and there is no point in proving their advantages over Russian equipment. Their main drawback, which is slowing down the filling of our market even today, is their high price, significantly higher than the cost of similar KDM with Russian “filling”. However, curbing the onslaught of imports is also a chance for our manufacturers to raise the quality of their cars to the required level.

The fruit of many years of cooperation between Kominvest-AKMT and foreign manufacturers has been the integration of advanced European technologies into Russian equipment.

An example of an expensive, but nevertheless not stagnant premium class product offered by Kominvest-AKMT, is a KDM based on an imported dump truck with a 6x4 wheel arrangement. As an add-on, the machine uses an Epoke Sirius AST SE3800 distributor. The distributor hopper for solid materials holds 9 m3 of PGM, and two humidification tanks can hold 3 m3 of liquid. The high price of equipment from the Danish company Epoke is largely determined by the use of electronics. Electronic systems control the rate of reagent consumption up to a gram, set directly from the cab by the driver-operator, and this economical approach saves considerable money for road services. The distribution density is adjusted very carefully and over a wide range. Salt can be spread with a density of 5-40 g/m2, and sand - from 30 to 240 g/m2. All containers available in Epoke Sirius are equipped with emptying sensors, and there is an effective electronic system that matches the density of distribution of reagents with the speed of the vehicle. The ability to regulate the processing area is also impressive - the strip width can be from 2 to 12 m. In addition, the driver can shift the processed strip, positioning it asymmetrically relative to the axis of movement of the machine.

Epoke distributors first appeared on the Russian market in 2008, and since then sales volumes of products of this brand have only been growing. Having assessed the prospects of the domestic market, as well as having become familiar with the capabilities of ToMeZ, the Danish manufacturer decided to assemble Epoke distributors at the Tosno plant in 2012 and has not regretted it over the past years.

For “complete happiness,” Kominvest-AKMT specialists, as an option, equip the KDM with high-speed and side dumps from the Norwegian company Tellefsdal AS . The dumps are easy to install and can be easily mounted not only on a truck chassis, but also on loaders. The exquisitely designed shape and dimensions of the blades allow them to efficiently clear roads at speeds of up to 90 km/h, and the design of Tellefsdal blades ensures snow removal, maintaining an almost perfect profile of the surface being cleared.

An alternative to combined road machines can be Rostselmash mounted snow removal equipment, which is coupled with tractors popular in Russia with power from 60 to 120 hp.

Snow removal auger machines Snegir 1300-2700 are mounted behind the tractor using a three-point hitch. The Snegir 2100 model can also be equipped with a front PTO, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the tractor driver, who does not have to look back. The operating principle of rotary auger snow blowers is based on spreading snow, while the angle and direction of the throw are adjusted relative to the axis of the snow thrower. Rostselmash produces 6 models of Snegir snow blowers, varying in width (1.3–2.7 m) and height (63–104 cm) of the grip. In 2020, the company plans to improve the Snegir 2700 with an additional option - an extended snow thrower up to 3 m high. Thus, the machine will be able to load snow directly into trucks.

Due to its small dimensions, the mounted snow removal utility plow OKS 2500, which is mounted to the tractor using the front linkage, can be used for clearing the roadway and for removing snow from sidewalks in populated areas. The width of the snow mass when the blade is operating is 2.5 m, the angle of rotation of the plow is 35°. Both machines – OKS 2500 and Snegir 1500-2700 – can be used simultaneously. In this case, the devices are transported suspended and raised above the ground.

Multi-tasking machine

The KDM 7881.02 based on the KAMAZ 65115-A4 dump truck is in great demand among road maintenance companies.

It is used in the repair of expressways and highways. It is installed on it:

• watering equipment;
• brush systems, through which barrier fences are washed;
• dumps that help clear roads from snow, work sites from debris;
• sand spreaders, spraying agents to prevent ice and other devices.

The carrying capacity of the KDM based on the KAMAZ 65115-A4 is fifteen tons, which makes it possible to transport a considerable amount of various bulk materials.

Attachments used on a truck are easy to install and remove. This makes it possible to use several types depending on the need.

Not only KAMAZ dump trucks, but also MAZs, as well as Mercedes, Volkswagens, Volvos and others are used as a base for KDM.

Attachments are installed on the truck chassis. The most common car brand used for this purpose is KAMAZ.

Read more about what KDMs are at https://arkaim-machinery.ru/catalog/kombinirovannye-dorozhnye-mashiny/.

By clicking the link, you will be redirected to the Arkaim-Machinery online store resource. There are presented multifunctional KDMs and attachments that are installed on them and determine the direction of use.

Still, highly specialized is more reliable

The debate about which equipment, universal or highly specialized, is better to purchase for snow and ice removal is pointless if the tasks that the purchase of equipment and the conditions for its operation must solve are not specified. But if the “client” has decided that he needs a new machine in order to have high-performance cleaning equipment in his fleet for many years, for which neither a long period of continuous operation nor huge volumes of snow processing are a problem, then special equipment is definitely needed.

The reliability of paw snow loaders can be judged by the fact that they began to be widely used in Soviet public utilities since the 1950s, but even today you can still find machines produced decades ago. True, there are fewer and fewer of these “old-timers” every year - despite their technical serviceability, these machines become morally obsolete, are not productive enough by today’s standards, and their cross-country ability is “lame.”

At the same time, in cities, as a rule, it is not possible to throw snow collected from the roadway far to the side of the road, as do rotary milling machines. As a rule, pedestrian streets adjoin city highways, and there is absolutely no point in covering them with snow. But even in those places where there are vacant lots, environmental regulations prohibit collecting large masses of contaminated snow. And then in snow removal technology there is a need for snow loaders. The machine loads shafts of snow collected along city roads onto dump trucks, which then deliver the snow to final disposal points.

But today there is something to replace the old cars that have come down to us from Soviet times. The latest design development from Rybinsk is the DM09 snow loader model with a hydraulic drive and a paw feeder. Compared to the technology of previous years, the model had significantly increased cross-country ability due to the use of a 4x4 wheel arrangement, a powerful 100-kilowatt engine and single-pitch tires. The fact that large-diameter tires with all-terrain tread were used also played a role. Snow loaders from the 1950s to the 70s. were focused on working with KamAZ trucks with a low tailgate, and this made it possible to get by with a short and low conveyor. The DM09 has an unloading height increased to 4.4 m, this makes it possible to use any cargo transport in tandem with a loader and even load the truck through the cabin, which eliminates the need to move in reverse. The operator’s working conditions have also changed - today it is a warm cabin with an ergonomic design, which offers a panoramic view of the work area due to the large glass area. The development has a modern appearance, and the design has many remarkable solutions: the drive of the working parts is carried out by high-torque gerotor hydraulic motors without gearboxes, and one or even two video cameras help the operator to monitor loading, transmitting the image to the monitor in the cabin (optional). Other features of the snow loader include a reinforced rigid frame with a sprung front axle and a hard-alloy shovel pad. The shovel can be raised separately from the conveyor, a feature useful for clearing road obstacles such as protruding manholes when loading snow. The controls include two forward and reverse pedals, keys for raising and lowering the shovel and conveyor, and a control lever for the movement of the paws and scrapers. The maximum transport speed of the DM09 is 30 km/h, the working width is 2640 mm. Conveyor reach is 5200 mm.

Moskovskaya produces similar, but slightly more productive models. Maud. SNP-17 is very similar in appearance to DM09, its productivity also reaches 330 m3/h, but a feature of the machine is the use in the design and technological scheme of the machine of a hydraulic drive for the working stroke and actuators made in Italy. The working equipment is controlled using an electro-hydraulic remote control, which has a hydraulic manipulator-joystick.

One of the company's recent developments was the modernization of fashion. SNP-17. In the new SnP-18 model, the conveyor received an addition in the form of a rotating part that extends the main conveyor. Due to this, the operator had the opportunity to direct the raked snow to the side of the road, where possible, and the process of loading dump trucks became much more convenient. In the modernized model, the cabin has become 2-seater, which allows an auxiliary worker to be there if necessary.

But the SNP-20 model, which the engineers of the Moscow Dormash created with German partners, stands out among its analogues for its performance; it is capable of loading up to 600 m3 of snow per hour through the dump truck cabin, and the power of the main drive engine has not increased and is 100 kW, just like in the other two models. In SNP-20, along with Russian parts and assemblies, units from Italian companies are used. The loader differs in that the scraper conveyor, which was used in the first loaders and has survived to this day, has been replaced by a high-speed belt conveyor. With the new conveyor, the body space of dump trucks is filled faster and more evenly.

The Amkodor A-37 snow loaders and the TKM-237-02 snow loaders, which are very similar to them, use a hydrostatic transmission and all-wheel drive. A special feature of these models is that the rear steered wheels of the loaders are smaller in size than the front ones, and this significantly increases maneuverability of the design. The machines use a foot feeder that has been proven over the years, although not the most productive. But JSC AMKODOR has already created modernized models A-37-01 and TKM-237-01. These snow loaders already use a screw feeder. The auger mechanism allows the snow loader to independently break up compacted snow, but the paw feeder can deal with ice blocks much easier.

Will rescue you from snow captivity

Roads need to be cleared of snow everywhere, including in virgin snow conditions, where wheeled snowplows simply cannot pass. For these purposes, the Volgograd Tractor Company produces a self-propelled snow blower based on the DT-75 tractor under the symbol DE-220V, which allows clearing the roadway, laying roads on virgin snow, removing drifts and shafts from other types of snow removal equipment, throwing snow away from driving directions. The model was developed back in the last century, but over the past fifteen years of production it has not only not lost its relevance, but has been brought to perfection by VTK specialists.

This machine easily lays a corridor through virgin snow 2.5 m wide, even if the height of the layer of heavy, compacted snow reaches 1.3 m. In an hour of operation, moving at a speed of up to 5 km/h, the machine is capable of throwing a distance of up to 15 m up to 400 tons of snow.

In order to increase the safety of the work performed, as well as to avoid damage to buildings and structures, the snow throw distance can be reduced by installing an easily mounted nozzle on the casing, which is supplied with the DE-220V snow blower.

Considering that the operation of the DE-220V occurs mainly in regions with low temperatures, it is proposed to install a pre-start liquid heater of the PZHB-200 type or an imported equivalent on the snow blower. The PZhP facilitates the cold start of a diesel engine by preheating the oil and coolant, and also allows it to be used for autonomous heating of the cabin when the tractor engine is turned off.

The DE-220V has long and successfully helped geologists, oil workers, the military, and residents of remote villages - it is a snow blower for which no territory is inaccessible.

Having such a developed production base for the production of equipment for dealing with snow, as in Russia today, we should completely forget about the existence of the “snow” problem on the roads, but for this, very little is needed - to improve the quality performance of our cars. From the examples described, it is clear that this is quite realistic. How it will actually turn out, only time will tell.

Combined road vehicles (CRMs) of domestic production are used by city utilities to clean roads from dust, dirt, and snow. In the autumn-winter season, they are used to clear the road surface of snow - both freshly fallen and compacted, to remove ice using plowing equipment, to distribute liquid de-icing agents or sand. During the rest of the year, KDMs are used for dry or wet road cleaning, watering work to reduce gas contamination and the amount of dust, and high-pressure washing of the road surface.

GruzSpetsAvto LLC sells combined road vehicles from various manufacturers. From us you can buy KDM on credit and leasing, choosing the desired model of equipment from a large model range. We have combined road vehicles MKDS - a series of modern municipal equipment with a full complement of auxiliary equipment.

Available to order are MKDS-1 based on the ZIL-433362 vehicle, MKDS-3110 based on the MAZ-555102 vehicle (in winter and summer configurations), MKDS-3204 on the MAZ-533702 chassis, MKDS-4005 on the KamAZ-53215 chassis, MKDS- 4107 and MKDS-4114 based on the KamAZ-53229 vehicle. All MKDS combined road vehicles are equipped with a microprocessor-type control system, which ensures a uniform distribution density of de-icing agents regardless of the speed of the vehicle. Highly wear-resistant plow and brush equipment equipped with a hydraulic drive allows MKDS machines to clean more efficiently and quickly.

The MKDS-1 model is equipped with a tank with a volume of 5.5 cubic meters. Watering equipment allows you to reach a pressure of 20 atmospheres when washing the road surface, the water consumption is 300 liters per minute. Road washing using KDM can be carried out exclusively with a distribution-type comb with nozzles - in this case, the width of the coverage area will be 3 meters, or with a comb using side nozzles - the washing width will be 10 meters. The combined road machine MKDS-1 allows you to distribute deicing agents and inert materials over a width of 2 to 8 meters with a density of 10 to 300 grams per square meter. The operating speed of the KDM when distributing reagents is up to 40 kilometers per hour, when clearing areas of snow - up to 30 kilometers per hour, when washing fabrics - up to 20 kilometers per hour. The width of clearing the territory from snow using a KDM plow is 3.2 meters, when using a clearing brush - 2.6 meters.

The combined road machine MKDS-3110 is available in two versions: winter - with the use of sand spreading equipment and a tank with a capacity of 5 cubic meters, summer - with a tank of increased capacity (9 cubic meters). The dimensions of the summer version of MKDS-3110 are 8.95 meters x 2.5 meters x 3.175 meters, the winter version is 8.325 meters x 2.85 meters x 3.175 meters; the carrying capacity for the models is 7 and 9.25 tons, respectively. In the winter version, the combined road machine of this model provides a cleaning zone width of 2.8 meters and a width of the sand and reagent distribution zone from 2 to 12 meters with a sprinkle density of 5 to 300 grams per square meter. When sprinkling areas, the operating speed of the unit is from 10 to 40 kilometers per hour, when carrying out snow removal work - up to 50 kilometers per hour.

Models KDM MDKS-3204 and MDKS-4005 are equipped with distributors of liquid de-icing agents with an automatic control system, a tank with anti-corrosion coating, high-pressure washing equipment, as well as a snow plow and a brush device. With tank volumes of both models of 10 cubic meters, MDKS-3204 can take up to 9.2 tons of water and 7.5 tons of liquid reagents, while MDKS-4005 can take up to 10 tons of water and 8.3 tons of reagents. The width of the washing area for both models is 2.5 meters and up to 8 meters when using the side nozzles of the comb, water consumption does not exceed 450 liters per minute. Liquid anti-icing reagents KDM are distributed in a zone from 2 to 8 meters with a density of 30-150 milliliters per square meter. The width of the snow clearing zone with combined road machines MDKS-3204 and MDKS-4005 is 2.4 meters with brush equipment and 2.85 meters with a front clearing blade. The operating speeds of the KDM are up to 20 kilometers per hour when washing the roadway, up to 40 when treating roads with reagents and up to 60 when clearing areas of snow.

The MKDS-4107 municipal vehicle is equipped with a microprocessor-controlled liquid reagent distribution module, equipment for wet road cleaning, the KDM can be equipped with an anti-corrosion metal tank with a volume of 10 cubic meters or a lightweight plastic tank with a volume of 10.8 cubic meters. The area for cleaning the roadway with watering equipment ranges from 3 to 10 meters at a water consumption of up to 300 liters per minute. The distribution density of the reagents is 10-300 grams per square meter with a processing zone width of 2 to 8 meters and an operating speed of a combined road machine of up to 50 kilometers per hour. The volume of the receiving hopper for reagents is 5.5 cubic meters, the capacity of the humidification tanks is 1440 liters.

KDM MDKS-4114 is equipped with a tank with a capacity of 10 cubic meters and high-pressure watering equipment, which allows for more effective cleaning of areas from dirt and dust, achieving almost fivefold water savings. The width of the water-pressure cleaning zone is from 3 to 10 meters, the operating speed when washing is up to 30 kilometers per hour. In the autumn-winter season, MDKS-4114 allows you to distribute inert materials and reagents over a width of up to 8 meters with a density of 10-300 grams per square meter and maintaining a high speed of movement - up to 50 kilometers per hour. The volume of the receiving hopper for reagents is 6 cubic meters. Also, the combined road machine MKDS-4114 allows you to clear areas of snow - the width of the clearing zone is 3.8 meters when using the front blade, 3.5 meters when using the middle blade and up to 2.2 meters using the side blade.